An Introduction to Psychological Warfare

An Introduction to Psychological Warfare Mental fighting is the arranged strategic utilization of purposeful publicity, dangers, and other non-battle procedures during wars, dangers of war, or times of geopolitical agitation to deceive, threaten, cripple, or in any case impact the reasoning or conduct of an adversary. While all countries utilize it, the U.S. Focal Intelligence Agency (CIA) records the strategic objectives of mental fighting (PSYWAR) or mental activities (PSYOP) as: Helping with beating an enemy’s will to fightSustaining the resolve and winning the coalition of agreeable gatherings in nations involved by the enemyInfluencing the assurance and mentalities of individuals in cordial and impartial nations toward the United States To accomplish their destinations, the organizers of mental fighting efforts first endeavor to increase all out information on the convictions, likes, hates, qualities, shortcomings, and vulnerabilities of the objective populace. As indicated by the CIA, realizing what propels the objective is the way in to an effective PSYOP. A War of the Mind As a non-deadly exertion to catch hearts and brains, mental fighting regularly employsâ propaganda to impact the qualities, convictions, feelings, thinking, intentions, or conduct of its objectives. The objectives of such publicity battles can incorporate governments, political associations, support gatherings, military work force, and regular citizen people. Basically a structure ofâ cleverly â€Å"weaponized† data, PSYOP promulgation might be scattered in any or the entirety of a few different ways: Eye to eye verbal communicationAudiovisual media, similar to TV and moviesAudio-just media including shortwave radio stations like those of Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty or Radio HavanaPurely visual media, similar to handouts, papers, books, magazines, or banners More significant than how these weapons of purposeful publicity are conveyed is the message they convey and how well they impact or convince the objective audience.â Three Shades of Propaganda In his 1949 book, Psychological Warfare Against Nazi Germany, previous OSS (presently the CIA) usable Daniel Lerner subtleties the U.S. militarys WWII Skyewar battle. Lerner isolates mental fighting purposeful publicity into three categories:â White purposeful publicity: The data is honest and just respectably one-sided. The wellspring of the data is cited.Grey purposeful publicity: The data is for the most part honest and contains no data that can be disproven. Be that as it may, no sources are cited.Black purposeful publicity: Literally â€Å"fake news,† the data is bogus or beguiling and is ascribed to sources not answerable for its creation. While dim and dark promulgation crusades regularly have the most prompt effect, they additionally convey the most serious hazard. At some point or another, the objective populace recognizes the data as being bogus, in this manner defaming the source. As Lerner composed, Credibility is a state of influence. Before you can cause a man to do as you state, you should cause him to accept what you say.† PSYOP in Battleâ On the real combat zone, mental fighting is utilized to get admissions, data, give up, or deserting by breaking the confidence of adversary fighters.â Some average strategies of front line PSYOP include:â Appropriation of handouts or flyers urging the adversary to give up and giving guidelines on the most proficient method to give up safelyThe visual â€Å"shock and awe† of a gigantic assault utilizing immense quantities of troops or innovatively progressed weaponsSleep hardship through the ceaseless projection of uproarious, irritating music or sounds toward foe troopsThe danger †regardless of whether genuine or nonexistent †of the utilization of compound or natural weaponsRadio stations made to communicate propagandaRandom utilization of marksmen, booby traps, and ad libbed unstable gadgets (IEDs)â€Å"False flag† occasions †assaults or activities intended to persuade the foe that they were done by different countries or gatherings In all cases, the target of front line mental fighting is to decimate the resolve of the adversary driving them to give up or defect.â Early Psychological Warfare While it may seem like a cutting edge development, mental fighting is as old as war itself. At the point when fighters the powerful Roman Legions musically beat their blades against their shields they were utilizing a strategy of sudden stunning exhibition intended to prompt dread in their opponents.â In the 525 B.C. Clash of Peluseium, Persian powers held felines as hostagesâ in request to increase a mental bit of leeway over the Egyptians, who because of their strict convictions, wouldn't hurt cats.â To cause the quantity of his soldiers to appear to be bigger than they really were, thirteenth century A.D. pioneer of the Mongolian Empire Genghis Khan requested each fighter to convey three lit lights around evening time. The Mighty Khan likewise structured bolts scored to whistle as they flew through the air, unnerving his foes. Also, in maybe the most extraordinary sudden stunning exhibition strategy, Mongol armed forces would launch cut off human heads over the dividers of foe towns to startle the occupants. During the American Revolution, British soldiers wore brilliantly shaded outfits trying to threaten the more doubtlessly dressed soldiers of George Washington’s Continental Army. This, in any case, end up being a deadly misstep as the brilliant red outfits made obvious objectives for Washington’s much additionally dispiriting American expert riflemen. Present day Psychological Warfare Present day mental fighting strategies were first usedâ during World War I. Innovative advances in electronic and print media made it simpler for governments to disperse publicity through mass-course papers. On the combat zone, propels in flying made it conceivable to drop handouts behind adversary lines and exceptional non-deadly mounted guns adjusts were intended to convey purposeful publicity. Postcards dropped over German channels by British pilots bore notes as far as anyone knows manually written by German detainees lauding their accommodating treatment by their British captors. During World War II, both Axis and Allied powers consistently utilized PSYOPS. Adolf Hitlers ascend to control in Germany was driven to a great extent by promulgation intended to dishonor his political rivals. His irate addresses marshaled national pride while persuading the individuals to reprimand others for Germany’s self-delivered financial issues. Utilization of radio station PSYOP arrived at a top in World War II. Japans well known Tokyo Rose communicate music with bogus data of Japanese military triumphs to debilitate united powers. Germany utilized comparative strategies through the radio stations of Axis Sally.â Be that as it may, in maybe the most significant PSYOP in WWII, American administrators arranging the spilling of bogus requests driving the German central leadership to accept the united D-Day intrusion would be propelled on the sea shores of Calais, as opposed to Normandy, France. The Cold War was everything except finished when U.S. President Ronald Reagan freely discharged point by point plans for an exceptionally modern â€Å"Star Wars† Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI)anti-ballistic rocket framework fit for pulverizing Soviet atomic rockets before they reappeared the climate. Regardless of whether any of Reagan’s â€Å"Star Wars† frameworks could have truly been constructed or not, Soviet president Mikhail Gorbachev accepted they could. Confronted with the acknowledgment that the expenses of countering U.S. propels in atomic weapons frameworks could bankrupt his administration, Gorbachev consented to revive dã ©tente-period exchanges bringing about enduring atomic arms control treaties.â All the more as of late, the United States reacted to the September 11, 2001 dread assaults by propelling the Iraq War with an enormous â€Å"shock and awe† crusade proposed to break the Iraqi army’s will to battle and to ensure the country’s authoritarian pioneer Saddam Hussein. The U.S. attack started on March 19, 2003, with two days of relentless besieging of Iraq’s capital city of Baghdad. On April 5, U.S. furthermore, associated Coalition powers, confronting just symbolic resistance from Iraqi soldiers, assumed responsibility for Baghdad. On April 14, not exactly a month after the sudden stunning exhibition intrusion started, the U.S. pronounced triumph in the Iraq War.â In todays ongoing War on Terror, the Jihadist fear based oppressor association ISIS †the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria-utilizes internet based life sites and other online sources to direct mental battles intended to enroll devotees and warriors from around the globe.

Increasing Brand Equity Through Viral Marketing Marketing Essay

Expanding Brand Equity Through Viral Marketing Essay Along with a companion/colleague, I have been building up another undertaking throughout the previous two years. We are building an online stage for DJs, makers and record marks in the move music industry (It resembles a facebook produced for the move music industry). It isn't done at this point and we are as yet directing examination. Subsequently I will compose my theory about this point to grow my insight, with the fundamental favorable circumstances to utilize the result of my proposal for my undertaking. We will offer administrations to specialists and makers to disperse their music productively with the fundamental objective to get popular. Advertising is key in this ongoing idea and it is another showcasing wonder that has not been managed appropriately before by scholars. The way that it's anything but an exceptionally regular subject and it will be progressively hard to track down applicable papers makes it all the more testing and in this way all the more fascinating to expound on this theme. Vital brand the board and advertising hypotheses are utilized as a hypothetical reference moment that the craftsman marking rehearses are being assessed and deciphered. The emphasis is on three hypothetical ideas, viral showcasing, brand mindfulness, and brand value. Part 1: Introduction 1.1 Case foundation: Globalization and digitization of the move music industry In the course of the most recent couple of years, the move music industry has been experiencing a progressive change. The rise of Internet is significantly affecting the flexibly chain for move music. Figure 1, in light of Premkumars advanced dispersion procedures (2003), shows that physical dissemination has been supplanted by computerized conveyance. Sharing music through the web has never been this simple. Current interchanges innovations have made new chances and expanded rivalry. The digitization and globalization of music requests better approaches to advance and disperse music universally. Figure 1. Move music circulation: move in the gracefully chain a) Pre Web1.0 Physical circulation (until 1999) Craftsman Record Label Wholesaler Retailer Customer b) Web1.0 Digital circulation through record names (1999 2005) Craftsman Record Label Wholesaler Customer c) Web2.0 Digital circulation and advancement through viral showcasing (2005 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢ ¦) Craftsman Record Label Viral advertising Customer The approach of the Internet is significantly affecting both the gracefully chain for music and the strength of the huge record names (Graham et al., 2004). The digitization and globalization of the move music industry has prompted an abatement of significance of record marks. Craftsmen needn't bother with record names any longer to advance and convey music. With extraordinary rivalry, it is reasonable for record names to focus on their center competency of music creation. Along these lines, record marks can remain genuinely applicable and significant to both set up and new specialists (Crawford, 2001). This difference in the flexibly chain of dispersing and elevating music has prompted a significant auxiliary change in the job of the craftsman. While the future may look distressing for the significant record names, it looks considerably more positive for craftsmen and customers (Graham et al., 2004). The individual craftsman brand has gotten increasingly significant so as to effectively increase upper hand in the move music industry, which is turning out to be progressively packed and forceful in view of the development of web. It is progressively hard for singular craftsmen to be one of a kind and offer their sound nowadays. Due to the expansion in significance of the craftsman brand, specialists ought to comprehend brand the executives rehearses. Purchasers ought to be made mindful of the presence of the craftsman, and subsequently brand mindfulness is significant. Amusement items, similar to music, by built up names are for the most part accepted to perform better in the market. The diagrams of top selling offering (for example Announcement 200) are fundamentally populated with set up craftsmen, offering sufficient help for this recognition (Moore et al., 2006). As it were, accomplishment of specialists relies upon craftsman brand mindfulness. Brand mindfulness estimates buyers information on a brands presence. It alludes to the extent of buyers who know or perceive theâ brand. Brand mindfulness is a regularly underestimated resource; be that as it may, mindfulness has been appeared to influence observations and even taste. Individuals like the recognizable and are set up to attribute a wide range of good perspectives to things that are natural to them. Mindfulness is regularly moved into view of innovative prevalence and market acknowledgment (Kover, Aaker and Joachimster, 2000). As per Aaker (1991), brand mindfulness is a component of brand value. Brand value alludes to that piece of the estimation of an item that is owing to the brand name. In any case, this paper will utilize brand value in an unexpected manner in comparison to different scholars do. In the move music industry, brand mindfulness assumes a key job in the achievement of a craftsman, and consequently this postulation centers around brand mindfulness and its connection with brand value. Unequivocally or certainly, it is commonly acknowledged that brand value assumes a job in the deals of diversion items (Moore et al., 2006). This investigation estimates brand value as the distinction in progress between a set up craftsman and a comparable obscure craftsman. When a craftsman is set up, its prosperity creates like a snowball impact or alleged ethical circle. Specialists ought to see how to make and increment their image value and advantage from this major development of the move music industry. Before, craftsmen were advanced by their record marks and their prosperity relied upon the specialists and names arrange. Informal exchange assumed a major job in the conveyance and advancement of music. The development of web and the decreasing intensity of record names have made it simpler for craftsmen to share music (all inclusive) and along these lines contact more individuals. New correspondence stages like Facebook, Youtube, Twitter and online journals expanded this marvel much more. This has likewise prompted additional opportunities for specialists to make brand mindfulness. There are various ways for craftsmen to advance themselves or get elevated to expand brand mindfulness. Record marks are utilized to share and convey music in record shops and on the Web, craftsman organizations are utilized to deal with and mastermind occasion appointments, and specialists themselves can advance themselves in their system. On account of the significance of informal showcasing to advance craftsmen and music in the move music industry, and the rise of web, specialists should search for new ways and potential outcomes to share, advance, and disseminate music through the Web. Viral advertising is a showcasing device that makes informal exchange through the web. In this way, this theory will concentrate on the idea of viral promoting and whether it very well may be utilized to build brand mindfulness in the move music industry or not. The objective of viral showcasing is to utilize shopper to-purchaser (or shared) correspondences rather than organization to-buyer interchanges to spread data about an item or administration, in this way prompting progressively quick and savvy selection by the market. With viral showcasing, purchasers become advertisers of the brand and spread the news to their companions. This theory will clarify the impacts of viral promoting on the production of brand mindfulness, which will therefore prompt brand picture. This investigation alludes to the main period of the mindfulness procedure. 1.2 The difficult articulation Pundits discover the accessibility of free online music as dangerous, while others figure the new music industry will profit by digitization and globalization in different manners. Portraying how craftsmen can profit by the digitization and globalization of the music business by making brand mindfulness and brand value through viral advertising is the principle objective of this theory, prompting the detailing of the accompanying issue articulation: Whatever degree does viral showcasing make craftsman brand mindfulness, and subsequently bring about an expansion of brand value in the move music industry? 1.3 Research Questions So as to have the option to offer an exact response to this difficult proclamation, a lot of research addresses should be defined to get an away from of its unique situation and execution. The examination questions are: What are brand mindfulness and brand value and what is their connection? What is viral showcasing and is it viable? What is the connection between viral showcasing and brand mindfulness? What is the motivation behind utilizing viral promoting to make brand value in the move music industry? What is the impact of viral promoting on brand value for this situation? 1.4 Conceptual model Brand picture Brand mindfulness Viral promoting Brand unwaveringness Brand value in the move music industry 1.5 Relevance Scholarly importance There are a few by and large acknowledged speculations about brand value (Aaker, 1991; Keller, 1993; and so on.). In spite of the age of these hypotheses, they are still generally utilized in inquire about nowadays. Brand value is characterized regarding the promoting impacts extraordinarily inferable from the brand (Keller, 1993). Aaker clarifies the elements of brand value, yet his and different speculations neglect to clarify direct reasons for brand value. An examination among Aaker and Keller will clarify the significance of brand mindfulness in its connection to mark value. This investigation builds up another structure dependent on those current speculations with new handy bits of knowledge produced for the move music industry. Research and speculations around there are obsolete and should be overhauled to be relevant on this case. The focal point of this proposal will be on brand mindfulness, in view of its significance in the move music industry as clarified previously. Bran d value happens when the purchaser knows about the brand (Keller, 1993). Along these lines, brand mindfulness is critical in the production of brand value it is characterized as the first phas

Newborn Thermoregulation at birth Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Infant Thermoregulation during childbirth - Essay Example The temperature of the infant is needy on the thermoregulation of the infant, yet in addition on the earth and the clinical state of the child. An unattended child loses heat quick and the temperature can diminish by a few degrees (British Columbia Reproductive Care Program Policy Manual, 2003). Medical attendants and birthing specialists who take care of conveyances have a significant task to carry out in helping infants look after temperature. They are the primary individuals to interact with the little ones and they have a significant obligation to guarantee that the child can keep up fitting temperature. They likewise need to ensure that the earth of the infant, including the towels, revival hardware and the room are pre-warmed much before the infant is conveyed. Taking care of the necessities of temperature in babies is significant in light of the fact that warm abberations can prompt crushing metabolic outcomes and can add to expanded dreariness and mortality in the infant. In this paper, warm guideline in an infant will be talked about. In this unique situation, the job of a birthing assistant in advancing the soundness of the infant will likewise be evaluated. The limit of the body to keep up balance between creation of warmth and loss of warmth for food of temperature of the body inside an ordinary range is known as thermoregulation. Unbiased warm condition is that condition where the newborn child utilizes just negligible oxygen and exhausts insignificant vitality for upkeep of temperature. Thermoregulation of infant is a much contemplated and significant theme since; disturbances in warm guideline can prompt hyperthermia and cold pressure, the two of which can prompt destroying metabolic results in the infant. The ordinary center internal heat level of the infant is 36.5-37.2 degree C. Extreme hypothermia is the point at which the temperature is

Memorandum explaining the discussion of merits of Congress adopting a Term Paper

Notice clarifying the conversation of benefits of Congress embracing a government Value Added Tax - Term Paper Example The SBT was created in as right on time as 1975. The structure of SBT can be examined to comprehend the down to earth usage of the VAT plot in American setting. In the year 2008, SBT was canceled and supplanted by another tax collection structure called the Michigan Business Tax, which can be viewed as a type of proceeded with VAT execution. (Roberts, W. D. and Gell, M. B., 2010) At the government level, the US Congress is attempting to organize the VAT conspire since 1982. â€Å"Overall, the choices have focused on that an expansive based utilization charge, for example, a VAT, could raise enormous aggregates less effectively than steady increments in annual assessment rates, yet with less loss of financial proficiency; that extract burdens on chosen items could be raised to minor great impact; and that widening the expense base could raise huge entireties and improve monetary efficiency.† (Reischauer, R. D., 1994) Current Proposals in Congress for Adoption of a Federal Value -Added Tax The US tax assessment framework depends on a solid chronicled milieu, and the US Congress knows about that. The noteworthy Boston Tea Party, which occurred before the War of American Independence, was identified with the uncalled for charge plans forced by the then British rulers. Be that as it may, the system of the government administration of the nation stayed under investigation and reactions all through the nineteenth and twentieth hundreds of years. Personal assessment guidelines have been an essential government concern. The structure of the government tax assessment arrangement of America has not been without its issues (Adams, T. S., 1921). An excess of reliance on annual expense incomes may prompt genuine financial issues. The Congress along these lines proposes to force a worth included or national deals charge. The Congressional Budgetary Office (CBO) has been pointing at the income raising capability of a...The approach experts of the VAT plot involve the dec rease of the American economy’s an excessive amount of reliance on the personal assessment incomes. In the United States, individuals with higher pay need to pay a heavier annual assessment, which is viewed as unjustifiable by numerous traditionalists (Edwards, C., 2009). A solid income organize through government VAT can remunerate the disparities in the present personal duty rates. An ever increasing number of Democrats and other approach creators are concentrating on the strategy procedure in respect of VAT. As indicated by them, VAT will furnish the government with a dependable instrumentation to deal with shortage and pay off the obligations. John Podesta (who drove President Obama’s change group) feels that the best way to balance out and hold the inconvenient obligation circumstance is to decrease the climb in medicinal services consumptions, diminish government spending, and add new intends to build income input. The dynamic worth added charge conspire has all the earmarks of being a help in this specific circumstance. The arrangement cons of VAT plot are somewhat various and provocative. The European experience of executing the VAT is significant. Tank should bring down the expenses on benefit and salary.

Nogo Railroad Free Essays

Case Summary: NoGo Railroad Dave Keller a main dispatcher with constrained administrative experience has gotten a significant advancement, making him the correspondence chief of the division. Anyway this advancement has accompanied various issues. On account of NoGo Railroads novel activities it has had practically no opposition and no convincing motivation to modernize tasks, however that is going to change as Dave has been given the command to watch distinctive occupation capacities, dispose of old practices and modernize at every possible opportunity. We will compose a custom exposition test on Nogo Railroad or then again any comparative subject just for you Request Now With bits of gossip spinning out of control through the association of cutbacks and occupation work changes, just as past bombed endeavors to actualize other employment changes like what the executives is again attempting to execute, Dave understands that he has a couple of issues in front of him. With key issues being cutting worker expenses and assurance issues achieved by barefaced nepotism and plume bedding, Dave accepts that by taking out these issues it would forestall significant cutback for agents and broadcast administrators. The two gatherings anyway would need to acknowledge changes that would bring about decreased remuneration and conceivably extra obligations regarding them all. With a firm sponsorship from a Union that is known to be unbending against concessions in these regions Dave needs assistance from upper administration that appears to not be expected. Combined with his vulnerability about opposition move that might be made by the gathering Dave is feeling powerless and troubled about his new position and is scrutinizing the aim behind his advancement. Questions and Task Assignment 1. Recognize and clarify the progressions you would make to the present work game plan? Sean Murray Kemoy Miller 2. What techniques would you set up to successfully deal with the change? Clarify the connection between these methodologies and the conceivable protection from the changes. †Racheal Callaghan Aundre Hamilton 3. Utilizing the case as a source of perspective point, clarify the significance of progress/change the board, and talk about its relationship to compelling association the executives and execution. †Asha-Gaye Graham David Rogers. Question 1: Changes to the Employment Arrangement (Insert answer here) Question 2: Resistance to Change and Management Strategies The failure of individuals to adjust to change isn't new. Representatives are not constantly responsive to change because of a mix of variables. The executives may relieve against elevated levels of progress opposition by thinking about these variables and structuring and actualizing methodologies to manage issues that may emerge. A few elements to consider are as per the following: 1. Personal responsibility Employees will in general oppose a change they accept clashes with their personal matters. A proposed change in work configuration, structure or innovation may build an employee’s outstanding task at hand, for instance, or cause a genuine or saw loss of intensity, notoriety, pay or advantages. (Silly, 2012) This factor appears to be clear on account of NoGo Railroads as a key wellspring of disgruntlement for representatives was the talk that they may need to accept obligations outside of their sets of responsibilities without an expansion in pay, just as a general decrease of advantages with the adjustments in the authoritative compensation understanding. . Absence of Understanding or Trust-Employees frequently doubt the aims behind a change or don't comprehend the planned motivation behind a change. (Stupid, 2012) Information about the progressions that should have been actualized was a long way from free streaming and effectively open. Rather bits of gossip, regardless of whether valid or false took primary point of reference and brought about expanded degrees of doubt as representatives were not completely mindful of the explanations behind the requirement for change and the moves that were to make place at NoGo. 3. Vulnerability Uncertainty is an absence of data about future occasions and speaks to a dread of the obscure. It is particularly compromising for representatives who have a low resistance for change and a dread of anything outside of the normal. They don't have a clue how a change will influence them and stress over whether they will have the option to satisfy the needs of another technique or innovation. (Silly, 2012) Poor access to great data lead to low confide in levels of trust and furthermore vulnerability which just expanded NoGo’s employees’ protection from change. . Distinctive Assessment and Goals-Another purpose behind opposition in change is that individuals who will be influenced by a change or advancement may get to the circumstance uniquely in contrast to a thought champion I. e. in individual or gathering driving the change development. (Foolish, 2012) in light of these components one may decide to either direct a power field investigation of the circumst ance, which includes â€Å"weighing† the main impetuses (issues or inspirations that give inspiration to change) against the controlling powers (different hindrances to change). Another methodology is receive explicit strategies to conquer opposition relying upon the primary variables causing the obstruction. A few procedures include: * Communication and instruction, which basically is the endeavor to beat vulnerability and absence of comprehension by giving free streaming access to precise and clear data about the change and its outcomes. * Participation, which includes including partners of the change into the change procedure so as to have them comprehend and focus on the change. Arrangement, or the utilization of formal bartering to win acknowledgment and endorsement for an ideal change * Coercion, and the utilization of formal powers by directors to constrain the change on representatives * And at last, top administration support, that sees top officials fortifying the significance of development both verbally and emblematically which signs to workers that the progressions is significant for the whole association. On account of NoGo the best techniques would be a blend of four of the particular strategies, to be specific Communication and instruction, cooperation, exchange and top administration support. Correspondence and instruction would be utilized to handle the issues of doubt and vulnerability. By unmistakably illuminating representatives regarding the destinations of the activity, illustrating the moves that are to make place and the advantages of these activities, all workers will be in the same spot and discourse that would follow among the board and the workers could be utilized to give explanation and consolation to representatives where important, diminishing the odds of contention. Subsequent to instructing workers on the change that is to occur having them partake in the change would be the following stage. By remembering them for the ecision making where fundamental would mean they would be progressively vested in the task and more averse to dismiss something they helped manufacture. On account of the job of the associations in worker issues dealings would be an absolute necessity as a piece of NoGo’s change usage process, particularly with respect to the compen sation contract. By going to a commonly adequate choice, clashes are exceedingly avoidable. At long last subsequent to attempting to get representatives vested in the change procedure it is imperative to now strengthen the significance of the drive for this change by top administration demonstrating their help for the activity. This would guarantee representatives that this procedure is in fact an authoritative wide one, and everybody is vested in the exertion and its difficulties and triumphs. Question 3: Change Management and Effective Organizational Management NOGO Railroad has encountered almost no opposition throughout the years. A requirement for change was distinguished by Dave Keller the Communications. Change Management will adjust and change the association in order to encourage proficiency and execution. Change is significant to an organization’s endurance, as it permits the association to make due in a powerful situation. Change is significant as it permits an association to ready to be adaptable and create/keep up a natural structure. To accomplish this NOGO Railroad should lead an Organizational Development intercession. This intercession will incorporate exercises, for example, group building, between bunch instructive and preparing, basic, relational, training and vocation arranging and authoritative change. With these exercises the way of life and structure of the association will change in such a manner, which will improve the profitability of the association, lower non-attendance, increment unwaveringness, lower human asset cost with the additional execution and requirement of appropriate human asset strategies. Reference Daft, R. (2012). New Era of Management. tenth Edition. South-Western: Cengage Learning. Hayes. J,(2002) The Theory and Practice of Change Management. MacMillian Holbeche. L,(2006) Understanding Change: Theory, Implementation and Success. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann. Step by step instructions to refer to Nogo Railroad, Essay models

R/Hr vs H/Hr Essay - Free Essay Example

I have been of the firm belief that Ron and Hermione are going to be a romantic couple in the Harry Potter series, and Harry and Hermione are most decidedly NOT going to be a romantic couple. Though I could wax on about how likely they are because of how they are compatible, the evidence in the books etc. I am going to instead use the words of someone I trust to know just who will end up with whom: The Author herself, JK Rowling. â€Å"I cant believe that some of you havent worked this one out yet. † When addressing the question ‘Does Hermione love Ron or Harry’ she replied, ‘I can’t believe that some of you haven’t worked this one out yet. This statement from our beloved JKR points out something. Know what it is? *stage whisper* it’s not exactly a secret†¦ It’s not some unfathomable mystery. It’s not something hard to figure out. It’s quite simple. She is baffled that it’s up for debate. That having bee n said, here are the quotes I find significant: Do Harry and Hermione have a date? No! Theyre, theyre very platonic friends. But I wont answer for anyone else, nudge, nudge, wink, wink. Because this quote was given to us on MPR radio on Nov. 20th 1999, many wish to believe that this ONLY refers to her (then) upcoming novel Goblet of Fire. GoF was published July 8th of 2000. ) Considering that she stated very clearly when she was referring to something that only applied to GOF in this interview, and the rest of the time was talking about the series as a whole (*1) there is no authentic reason to believe this quote only referred to GOF other than desperately wanting it to. (I have yet to see anyone cite any kind of actual evidence that this quote only referred to GoF other than the possibility that it could. ) (If anyone has evidence, please do post it. ) She also infers that there is someone else who WILL have a date with Hermione and WILL NOT BE ‘very platonic friends†™ with her. The phrase ‘nudge, nudge, wink, wink’ traditionally can be translated ‘ya know what I mean? ’ When someone says this, it means you already have the info, and should know that the person is hinting at something specifically. In this case the ‘nudge, nudge, wink, wink’ implies that we should already know who that other person is. The thing is, as this is before GOF came out she couldn’t be hinting at Krum, as we hadn’t been introduced to him yet. Who was that ‘nudge, nudge’ referring to? Who was that ‘anyone else’ she ‘[wouldn’t] answer for? ’ Well, who else is Hermione friends with? Let’s see†¦ She seems to talk with Neville occasionally. And Hagrid†¦ She’s talked to Ginny†¦ OH! WAIT A MOMENT! RON! Yes†¦ yes, she does happen to be very good friends with Ron Weasley. Perhaps he is the ever elusive ‘anyone else’ that she wo n’t speak for. He’s the only person that it makes sense for her to be hinting at in such a way. That having been said, let us pretend for a moment that this quote only was referring to Goblet of Fire, just for the fun of it. If it did, that means that Hermione would be non-platonic friends with someone who was already established in the series. But wait! THAT never happened in GoF. She and Ron never dated in GOF. Also, if the quote only refers to GOF, then that also means that every bit of ‘romantic evidence’ there is to support H/Hr from that whole novel must be negated, as none of their actions are anything more than the platonic actions of a friend. The kiss she gave Harry was not romantic. It was platonic. When he found her to be attractive, it was not in a romantic way. It was in a platonic way. So, if you support H/Hr and believe that this quote only refers to GOF, then you can’t say anything between Hermione and Harry in that book was r omantic between the characters as they were platonic friends. *1(Only 2 out of 21 or so questions had to do specifically with GOF, And it was very clearly indicated when she was talking about GoF or not (as either the question would say ‘in the next book’ or she would say ‘in Goblet of Fire’) But then, there’s this quote: Q: Does Hermione like Ron as more than a friend? A: The answer to that is in Goblet of Fire! Well, that means that from Hermione’s actions in GOF we can tell whether she likes Ron as more than a friend or not. This also can tie into the ‘Does Hermione love Harry or Ron’ quote. According to JKR it is rather obvious. Also, Hermione either loves one or the other. If the answer to ‘does she likes Ron as more than a friend or not’ is in GOF, and we know for certain that in that book Hermione and Harry ‘[are] very platonic friends, but JKR ‘wont answer for anyone else, nudge, nudge, wink, wi nk,’ that means that someone in GOF is NOT a platonic friend. Someone who was already established in the series before GoF came out. That also means that someone who was already established in the series was to go on a date with Hermione. But wait! No one already established in the series had a date with Hermione. Does that mean the ‘platonic friends’ quote is NOT referring to only GoF!? That’s right, all signs point to yes. By using our skills of logic, it means that this quote couldn’t only refer to GoF. That means that for the whole series Harry and Hermione are nothing more than platonic friends. It also goes to mean that Ron and Hermione will be ‘more than friends’ and are not â€Å"very platonic friends. † Here’s another quote that ties into this: Q: Is it just me, or was something going on between Ron and Hermione during the last half of Goblet of Fire? A: Yes, somethings going on, but Ron doesnt realize it ye t. Typical boy. This means that Hermione DID realise that something was ‘going on’ between them. So if there is something ‘going on between them’ and Hermione recognises this, and the answer to ‘Does Hermione like Ron as more than a friend? ’ is in GoF, and also let us remember that Hermione says ‘Next time there’s a ball, ask me before someone else does, and not as a last resort! ’ what logical conclusion does this lead you to? Well, logically, it must lead you to conclude that yes, Hermione DOES like Ron as more than a friend in GoF as there is ‘something going on’ between them that is not platonic. quote: JKR: and he, yes, he does have certain adolescent, umm, rites of passage happen to him. Couric: And he’s snogging with Hermione? JKR: Hermione and Harry? Do you really think so? Couric: No, I’m kidding. JKR: Ron and Hermione, I would say, have theres more tension there And for those of you who would like to watch that snippet of the interview, you can go HERE When JKR states ‘Hermione and Harry? Do you really think so? ’ that is a rhetorical question. Couric answers this question anyways with ‘No, I’m kidding. ’ JKR never rights her when she says ‘No’, so by not correcting Couric, she is either lying by omission, or Couric answered the rhetorical question correctly. JKR then goes on to mention Ron and Hermione. Why the heck would she do that? We were talking about Harry and Hermione, then for some unknown reason she mentions Ron and Hermione right after they were talking about snogging. She says they have ‘more†¦ tension there. ’ More tension where? Oh right, more tension when it comes to ‘certain adolescent, umm, rites of passage’ and ‘snogging with Hermione. ’ So they have ‘more tension there. ’ Well here is the dictionary. com interpretation of the word ‘ tension’: 1. Mental, emotional, or nervous strain. 2. Barely controlled hostility or a strained relationship between people or groups. Some nice synonyms for tension are: anxiety, apprehension, concern, disquiet, edginess, jitters, jumps, nerves, nervousness, pressure, restlessness, shakes, strain, suspense, unease, uneasiness, worriment, worry. Again, WHY oh WHY did JKR mention RON when the question was about Harry and Hermione? If there were to be some ‘snogging with Hermione’ in the future, then she could have said something to the extent of ‘you’ll see’ as she usually does when we’re on the right track with question. Also, to compare this quote with another one: Question: Is Harry Potter ever going to fall in love with Hermione or is he going to fall in love with Ginny Weasley? JK Rowling: In Book IV Harry does decide he likes a girl, but its not Hermione or Ginny. However, hes only 14, so theres plenty of time for him to chan ge his mind. 😉 She mentions a mystery girl (who is obviously Cho) and which book it is that he decides he likes her in. With the Couric interview quote up there, she went on to mention RON. They are similarly structured in that she was asked about certain people, but instead of saying yay or nay for the people in the question, she mentioned a character that the interviewer didn’t. Also, this parallels with the ‘Do Harry and Hermione have a date? No! Theyre, theyre very platonic friends. But I wont answer for anyone else, nudge, nudge, wink, wink. † Quote. She is very direct and gives an all out NO, but then says there is someone else who will date Hermione and won’t be platonic friends. The nudging and winking suggests that we already KNOW who it is, and as I said above, the only logical person would be Ron. Why should there be any tension between Hermione and Ron over snogging? Aren’t they just good friends who have no romantic interest in e achother? Perhaps the reason there is ‘tension’ there is because there ARE romantic vibes coming from them. So, if you want to make the ‘tension’ quote not stand in the way of H/Hr, you must assume that JKR was 1) lying by omission 2) misleading us by mentioning Ron and Hermione 3) misleading us by saying there was more ‘tension’ in the area of snogging between Ron and Hermione and 4) putting such an emphasis on SHIPPING that she had to resort to these fiendish tricks, because romance is one of THE most important things in the series. So, the conclusion we can reach is that either JKR purposefully misleads us in interviews only whenever she is talking about romance, OR we can reach the conclusion that JKR has no reason to mislead us, and was VERY straight forward in all her answers. small children: yaaaaaay!! Small child #1- But, Cambryn? Isn’t there another quote? -Why yes there is, small child #1. Thank you for reminding me. The ‘dreaded â€Å"everyone is in love with the wrong person,† quote. Here’s the quote: Harry is changing as hes getting older. He and his friends are 14 now and their hormones are kicking in, so its really fun to write about. Everyones in love with the wrong person, its brilliant. full transcript can be found HERE This quote, seems to me, to be a very odd one, as I don’t think that anyone was really ‘in love’ in GoF. Does anybody honestly think that Harry was ‘in love’ with Cho in GoF? LOVE is a word a bit too strong to use in this case. And unless Hermione and Krum are going to ‘get together’ in the future, the vague quote would apply to them. And Ron? Who was it he was lusting after so vehemently and constantly turning beat red and constantly trying to impress? It was Fleur. Some argue this negates R/Hr from happening in the future if you believe they were in love in GOF. The thing is, I DON’T believe Ron and Hermione were ‘in love’ in GoF. As JKR herself said ‘something’s going on, but Ron doesnt realize it yet. Typical boy. ’ If Ron can’t recognise his own feelings, does that mean he’s ‘in love? I am of the firm belief that she was referring to Harry/Cho, Hermione/Viktor, Ron/Fleur when she said ‘everyone’s in love with the wrong person,’ but think that LOVE was WAY too strong a word for that. Ron seems more taken with Fleur in an open romantic manner than anyone else in GoF, BUT is VERY jealous of Krum’s attention to Hermione (for some unfathomable reason, that is even a mystery to himself. ) Also, considering the context of this quote (not a Q A, but an article that simply quotes her) it’s hard to know what her answer was in response to. This quote, out of all of the ones I’ve given, seems to have the least amount of credence due to her using the word love to refer to feelings that don’t really constitute love, the article isn’t showing her response in context, and it is very vague by using the word ‘everyone’ along with ‘Harry and his friends are 14 now. ’ Does that mean that everyone who was fourteen and a friend of Harry’s was in love with the wrong person? To take it literally means that it applies to Neville, Parvati, Lavender, Dean, Seamus, Padma and any other 14 year old who is a friend of his in the book. I doubt she meant ALL of them. This was a throwaway comment that is very unclear as to whom it applies and which relationships constitute being ‘in love. ’ Conclussion: The quotes JKR has supplied us with are straight forward answers that clearly indicate R/Hr as a possibility, and do not indicate H/Hr as a possibility, unless JKR has lied in her previous interviews and feels H/Hr is so important that she must use R. Hr as a red herring, even in interviews.

A Grandmothers Wisdom The Power of Family in Persepolis - Literature Essay Samples

In the graphic memoir Persepolis, Marjane Satrapi discloses her experiences as a young girl growing up under the oppressive regime of the Iranian revolution. Throughout the novel, she faces moral dilemmas, suffers culture shock, and struggles to adapt to constantly changing societies, forcing her to turn to her family, as many do in times of chaos. The grandmother’s influential voice and guidance plays a pivotal role in shaping Marji into the women she becomes. Growing up under such dire circumstances pushes Marji to mature at a rate too rapid for most children and teenagers, but with the thoughtful aid of family, she is able to build a life of peace for herself, contrasting the violence and destruction she witnessed on a daily basis in Iran. In Satrapi’s, Persepolis, the grandmother embodies Marji’s cultural roots and values through her comforting support, memorable advice, and reminders regarding ancestral pride, demonstrating the significant role family plays in shaping identity. The grandmother represents hope in Marji’s life, emphasizing the way relatives provide a reliable support system, while simultaneously shaping character. As Marji is growing up, she dreams of becoming a prophet, because her â€Å"grandmother’s knees always ached,†(6) and she did not want to see her loved ones in pain. Instead of laughing at the seemingly absurd concept, the grandmother responds,â€Å"In that case, I’ll be your first disciple† (7), revealing the security Marji is lucky enough to find in her family. Marji can be stubborn at times, but also incredibly selfless as she strives to help those she cares for most- her family specifically. She complains about how her maid did not get to eat at the dinner table with her and how others were not privileged enough to drive a cadillac like her father, but her motivation to end the suffering of her grandmother proves just how much she cares for her relatives. The grandmother is an authority figure that Marji feels safe sharing ideas with, as a child and throughout her teenage years; however, it is also evident that Marji feels the need to repay her grandmother for all she has done, and becoming a prophet appears to be her way of doing this. The grandmother remains a steady role model throughout the memoir, while concurrently providing an abundance of warmth and safety. Before Marji leaves for Austria, her last moment with her grandmother seems to be one she cherishes and remembers, as she explains how, â€Å"When she undressed, you could see the flowers fall from her breasts† (150). Marji almost idolizes her grandmother, seeing through her age to the radiance that lies underneath. As Marji deals with puberty later in the novel, she struggles with femininity, so it would make sense that she would appreciate the steps her grandmother takes to feel feminine, from picking â€Å"jasmine flowers to put in her bra† (150) to soaking â€Å"them [her breasts] in a bowl o f ice water for ten minutes† (150). Family plays a fundamental part in guiding their children through their confusing, awkward teenage years, but because Marji moves away from her parents at such a young age, she is forced to soak up all the advice she can before departing. Breasts can be used to symbolize nurturing, growth, and transformation, as they are a necessity for babies who breastfeed, but after a certain age they are no longer an imperative resource. In an unconventional way, the grandmother’s breasts amplify the way Marji desperately relies on her grandmother as a child, but slowly becomes less dependent on family as she progresses through life. Although the grandmother vastly contributed to the foundation that allowed Marji to grow and develop away from home and ultimately shape her identity. As Marji’s journey to adulthood progresses, she transforms, learns, makes mistakes, and faces consequences for them, but the thoughtful words of her grandmother consistently hold her morally accountable for the decisions she makes. The grandmother gives Marji powerful advice before she leaves for Austria, whispering, â€Å"Always keep your dignity and be true to yourself (150). This notion obviously strikes a chord with Marji as it follows her throughout her Austrian experiences and pulls her back to her Persian roots when she begins to stray from them. The wisdom exerted on that night is referenced many times as Marji’s story progresses, acting as a moral compass. In order to find her place in Austrian society, Marji begins to avoid discussing heritage in order to distance herself from stereotypes; however, when she does this, she feels immense guilt. In Austria, she attends a school party in which a boy asks her where she is from and she introduces herself as French. Marji then comes to the realization that it is much easier to lie about being Iranian than to bear the burdens of telling the truth, though later that night she thinks to herself, â€Å"I remembered that line my grandmother told me† (195). In a new community surrounded by new people, Marji holds her grandmother’s words close to her heart, exposing the universally experienced impact family can have on growing minds. The grandmother’s single piece of advice evokes feelings of guilt in Marji that fortunately hinder her from betraying her background. While disregarding her heritage seems like the simplest solution, it was bound to have caused inevitable feelings of self-reproach if it had not been for the guidance of the grandmother. By the time Marji returns to Iran, she has become her own person, though the acceptance of her family remains a primary concern, grounding her in confusing situations. When Marji frames an innocent man in order to distract the guardians of the revolution from her controversial lipstick, she finds the situation comical. Though this humorous attitude is abruptly stripped when she explains it to her grandmother who responds, â€Å"It’s the blood of your grandpa and your uncle that runs in your veins! Shame on you!† (291). This is a turning point in Marji’s life, a situation in which she decides she never wants to feel the guilt of dishonoring her family again. She makes showing respect to her ancestors a top priority in order to gain her grandmother’s forgiveness, which is more easily attainable than Marji expected. The significance of family is depicted through the inevitable reconciliation between Marji and her grandmother, alongside Marji’s sudden u rge to better her character after the argument. When Marji becomes more independent in her decision making, her grandmother appears less and less. The guardian angel of the novel begins to fade as Marji gets married and continues on with her life. During her final departure from Iran (341), the grandmother does not start crying until the last panel, when everyone else is smiling. Marji had viewed her grandmother as a figure of strength and wisdom throughout her childhood and this vigor falters for the first time as the novel concludes. The tears of the grandmother reveal that Marji no longer needs the stabilizing factor of her family as much as she used to, because she is now an independent women with a future of her own. Marji then reflects on her grandmother and the pivotal role she has played, narrating, â€Å"I only saw her again once, during the Iranian New Year in March 1995. She died January 4, 1996†¦ freedom had a price† (341). To be free, Marji had to leave her family, causing her to be unable to say goodbye to her grandmother, but Marji does not seem to express severe sorrow, because she now has a firm grasp on life and is done learning from her elders. This is the final separation between Marji and the family that provided her foundation, expressing how the grandmother further represents the Satrapi past, family pride, and cultural values. For Iranians during the era Marji grew up in, poverty, death, and brutality was conventional, so civilians—especially children—had no choice but to turn to family when hopelessness began to take its toll. As a child in Iran, a teenager adapting to Austrian society, and a young women moving to Europe, family, especially the grandmother, reminds Marji to honor her heritage and be proud of her moral values. Society teaches the younger generations to conceal anything abnormal, creating insecurities for many, and leading those with distinct cultures, like Marji, to distance themselves from their roots. This not only leads to undiversified communities, but it can be tormenting for those whose values define them. Marji was fortunate enough to have the stable foundation of a close-knit family during the turmoil caused by the Iranian revolution, though without the wisdom, support, and hope put forth by the grandmother, Marji would not be the resilient, self-sufficient women she became.

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Plant Cells Occasion Homework - 1660 Words

Plant Cells: Occasion Homework. 9/4/16 Plants have numerous cells inside them. They all have distinctive part and capacities. Together they all out to make the plant empower itself to survive. Inside a plant are its cells. Inside a cell are its organelles. These organelles are called cell organelles which are little individual parts of a phone which complete distinctive particular capacities. There are a vast variety of different †¢ Golgi Mechanical assembly: An arrangement (stack) of levelled, film bound sacs (saccules) required in the capacity, alteration and emission of proteins (glycoproteins) and lipids bound to leave the cell (extracellular) and for use inside the cell (intracellular). The Golgi device is plentiful in secretory†¦show more content†¦Bigger particles (counting microscopic organisms) enter extraordinary white platelets (phagocytes) through a type of endocytosis called phagocytosis. The Single adaptable cell is a unicellular protist that ingests sustenance (counting algal cells) by phagocytosis. †¢ Lysosome: A film bound organelle containing hydrolytic (digestive) catalysts. Lysosomes begin as layer bound vesicles (called Golgi vesicles) that bud from the Golgi mechanical assembly. They are basically required with intracellular processing. Lysosomes wire with vesicles (little vacuoles) framed by endocytosis. The substance of these vesicles are processed by lysosomal chemicals. Auto absorption by lysosomes likewise happens amid embryonic improvement. The fingers of a human developing life are webbed at first, however are isolated from each other by lysosomal catalysts. Cells in the tail of a tadpole are processed by lysosomal compounds amid the continuous move into a frog. †¢ Peroxisome: A layer bound organelle that contains particular catalysts imported from the cytoplasm (cytosol). For instance, certain peroxisomes contain the compound catalase which quickly separates dangerous hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen. This response can be effectively exhibited by pouring some hydrogen peroxide on crude meat or an open injury. †¢ Glycolysis: An anaerobic oxidation pathway outside of the mitochondria in which glucose is

Title Ix And Female Athletes Essay - 1637 Words

Title IX is a federal law passed in 1972 guaranteeing girls and women access to equal sports opportunites as boys and men. Title IX in athletics is a very controversial issue that has opened up the world of athletics for millions of women all across the United States. Although it is a win for women athletes, it has created an issue for male athletic programs sufforing from the effects of Title IX. This literary review shows the phenomenon of Title IX and how it affects participation in female sports. It shows the contriversy of Title IX opening doors for female athletes and â€Å"closing† doors for male athletes. It also explores the discrimination still in affect towards women in all sports. It also explores the issues Title IX rasies in both male and female sports. For years sexual discrimination has plagued women in both the public and private spheres, and has not allowed sufficient growth for women to reach the same equal level as men. The fight for equality amongst the sexes has been an ongoing battle for decades, and there are people who say sufficient progress has been made for women and that no other implementations must be made or that digression should take place, while there are many activists who continue to push for more of a change. Title IX was created and set into place in order to eliminate sexual discrimination in all areas of education and programs, especially in the area of athletics. Supporters of Title IX continue to struggle to make headway forShow MoreRelatedWomen s Impact On Female Athletes1493 Words   |  6 Pagesthe male athletes; and has now incorporated equal treatment towards female athletes. This transitioning did not occur over night, and it did not come easily to women who are involved in athletics. For every l evel of sports for women, the inequality and unfair treatment that they received was unjust and very much so unfair. 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These questions are formulated to prick the mind of the athlete to see of their perspective of the impact of Title IX is positive and/or negative. The answers of the questions were designed to gather information to show the impact of their beliefs about Title IX. In addition, my research was directed by a pragmatic approach which allows any number of methodsRead MoreWomen s Sexual Discrimination At Academic Institutes1503 Words   |  7 PagesTitle IX states, â€Å"No person in the United States shall, on the basis of sex, be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any educational program or activity receiving Federal financial assistance†. The law also prohibits retaliation against an individual who, in good faith, asserts his or her rights under Title IX or other applicable federal laws and state laws prohibiting illegal discrimination. 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Participation levels among black women have actually decreased from 35% in 1972 to only 27% in 2002 (Picket et. all, 2012). This leads to the conclusion that in 1972 Black women played more sports then their White counterparts, and sinceRead MoreEqual Pay Act And Title Ix1485 Words   |  6 PagesAct and Title IX, gender discrimination is still prevalent in society. The NCAA reported since 1988, in the 2007-2008 academic year, institutions yielded a net gain of 2, 342 women’s teams added to varsity rosters (Pickett, Dawkins, Braddock, 2012). There are now more than 174,000 female collegiate athletes thanks to Title IX (Koller, 2010). Though there has been a substantial increase in female athletic participation, this number is still nowhere near the participation of male athletes. Many women

My Experience At High School - 1120 Words

Currently, my academic journey has been filled with very difficult trials and tests of my resilience. During high school, I was not very motivated or responsible when it came to academics. I did not believe in my intellectual capabilities and did not consider college as an option for me. None of my friends or family had been to college; so I did not see it as a likely avenue for me as well. In my experience, graduating high school was a major accomplishment within my family and nothing more was expected of you. After graduation, I realized that I did not want to work at my physically intensive job anymore and discovered I should work with my brain instead of my back. Consequently, I enrolled at the local community college and took a full schedule. It was difficult, because I had very little guidance and had to figure everything out on my own. I had to motivate myself continue and not become despaired or frustrated by being unfamiliar with the process. I had to re-learn how to manage my time and study efficiently, since I worked full time and had to fit everything into a tight schedule. With the help of some very intelligent and caring professors, I found my academic potential and learned the necessary skills to compete in a university setting. Eventually, I received my Associate of Arts degree and immediately transferred to The University of Colorado Denver. Through my entire academic journey, I have displayed my intense motivation towards successfully completing my degree.Show MoreRelatedMy Experience In High School952 Words   |  4 Pages High school is a time where young minded teenagers are encouraged to explore their interests and what type of character they want to become when graduation rolls in. My high school experience was an interesting time with choices that have changed my life and some that I wish I could take back. 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AP World Hostory free essay sample

DIRECTIONS: The following question is based on the accompanying Documents 1-9. The documents have been edited for the purpose of this exercise. This question is designed to test your ability to work with and understand historical documents. Write an essay that ?has a relevant thesis and supports that thesis with evidence from the documents ? uses all of the documents ?analyzes the documents by grouping them in as many ways as possible and does not simply summarize the documents individually ? takes into account the sources of the documents and analyzes the authors’ point of view ? explains the need for at least one additional type of document You may refer to relevant historical information not mentioned in the documents. 1. Using the documents, analyze how the Cold War affected the goals of leaders of decolonization movements and new nations in the 1950s and 1960s. Historical Background: The Cold War conflict between the United States and the Soviet Union, and their respective allies, emerged in the late 1940s. The conflict was reflected in the decolonization movements that followed at the end of the Second World War. Some nationalist revolutions became â€Å"hot spots† in this Cold War. Document 1 Notes of a meeting between Stalin and Kim Il Sung, 1949 †¦ Kim Il Sung says that after the liberation of Korea by Soviet troops, the Soviet Government and the Soviet Army rendered aid to Korea in the matter of economic development, in the matter of the development of Korea along the democratic path, and that the Korean government understands that without further economic and cultural aid from the Soviet Union it will be difficult for the DPRK [Democratic People’s Republic of Korea] to restore and develop its national economy and culture. The assistance of the Soviet Union is required for the further development of the Korean economy and culture. Stalin asks what kind of aid. Kim Il Sung answers—economic and cultural. Stalin asks what precisely is needed. Kim Il Sung says that they have confirmed a two year plan for the restoration and development of the national economy. They need economic assistance to fulfill this plan and to strengthen the foundation of the economy. . . †¦ Kim says that in the south of Korea there are still American troops and that intrigues against North Korea by the reactionaries are increasing, that they have infantry troops but sea defense almost does not exist. The help of the Soviet Union is needed in this. Document 2 Manifesto of the Laodong Party (Vietnam Worker’s Party), 1951* The main task of the Viet Nam Laodong Party now is: To unite and lead the working class, the working masses and the entire people of Viet Nam in their struggle to wipe out the French colonialists and defeat the American interventionists; to bring the liberation war of the Viet Nam people to complete victory, thereby making Viet Nam a genuinely independent and united country. In the field of external affairs, the Viet Nam Laodong Party recommends: The Viet Nam people must . . . actively support the national liberation movements of oppressed peoples; unite closely with the Soviet Union, China and other peoples democracies; form close alliances with the peoples of France and the French colonies so as to contribute to the anti-imperialist struggle to defend world peace and democracy! *Note: By this time China and the Soviet Union had recognized the Party’s regime in Vietnam, but it was still struggling for control. Document 3 President Sukarno’s opening at the Bandung Conference, 1955 No task is more urgent than that of preserving peace. Without peace our independence means little. The rehabilitation and upbuilding of our countries will have little meaning. Our revolutions will not be allowed to run their course. . . . What can we do? We can do much! We can inject the voice of reason into world affairs. We can mobilize all the spiritual, all the moral, all the political strength of Asia and Africa on the side of peace. Yes, we! We, the peoples of Asia and Africa, 1,400,000,000 strong, far more than half the human population of the world, we can mobilize what I have called the Moral Violence of Nations in favor of peace. We can demonstrate to the minority of the world which lives on the other continents that we, the majority are for peace, not for war, and that whatever strength we have will always be thrown on to the side of peace. Document 4 Jawaharlal Nehru’s speech in Washington, D. C. , 1956 The preservation of peace forms the central aim of Indias policy. It is in the pursuit of this policy that we have chosen the path of nonalignment in any military or like pact of alliance. Nonalignment does not mean passivity of mind or action, lack of faith or conviction. It does not mean submission to what we consider evil. It is a positive and dynamic approach to such problems that confront us. We believe that each country has not only the right to freedom but also to decide its own policy and way of life. Only thus can true freedom flourish and a people grow according to their own genius. We believe, therefore, in nonaggression and non ¬interference by one country in the affairs of another and the growth of tolerance between them and the capacity for peaceful coexistence. We think that by the free exchange of ideas and trade and other contacts between nations each will learn from the other and truth will prevail. We therefore endeavor to maintain friendly relations with all countries, even though we may disagree with them in their policies or structure of government. We think that by this approach we can serve not only our country but also the larger causes of` peace and good; fellowship in the world. Document 5 Anwar al-Sadat’s speech at the First Afro-Asian People’s Solidarity Conference, 1957 We cannot live peacefully in a world threatened by the shadow of war. We can no longer enjoy the products of our hands and the fruits of our labor in a world where plunder prevails and flourishes. We can no longer build and reconstruct in a world which manufactures weapons for destruction and devastation. We can no longer raise the standard of living of our peoples and stamp out diseases and epidemics in a world where nations vie with each other for the production of lethal weapons of massacre and annihilation. Gone for ever is the era where the future of war and peace was decided upon in a few European capitals, because today we happen to be strong enough to make the decision ourselves in that respect. Our weight in the international balance has now become preponderant. Only think of the colossal number of our people, our natural resources, the vastness of the area covered by our respective countries, and our strategic positions. You will surely come to the conclusion that the outbreak of war is impossible so long as we insist on peace, especially if we do not content ourselves with a mere negative attitude, but assume one of positiveness in favor of Peace. This transition from the negative to the positive is a fundamental basis worthy of our adoption. Document 6 Excerpts from Patrice Lumumba’s last letter, to his wife Pauline, before his assassination, 1960 Throughout my fight for the independence of our country, I never doubted the final triumph of the sacred cause to which my companions and I have dedicated our lives. But our country’s right to an honorable life [and] unrestricted independence goes against the wishes of Belgian colonialism and its Western allies, who have gained direct and indirect support . . . from certain high officials of the United Nations, an organization in which we placed all our confidence when we called for its assistance. . . . They have corrupted some of our countrymen, bought off others, and contributed to distorting the truth and sullying our independence. . . . What matters is the Congo and our poor people, whose independence has been turned into a cage. . . . We are not alone. Africa, Asia, free and liberated people from every corner of the world will always be found at the side of the millions of Congolese who will not abandon the struggle until . . . our country is free of colonizers and their mercenaries. . . . . . . One day history will have its say, but it will not be the history taught by the United Nations, Washington, Paris or Brussels, but the history that will be taught in the countries emancipated from colonialism and its puppets. Africa will write its own history . . . a history of glory and dignity. . . . Long live the Congo! Long live Africa! Document 7 Tom Mboya, Kenyan politician during Jomo Kenyatta’s government, Address at Conference on Tensions and Development, 1961 We need a continuing flow of technical, specialist, financial, and other types of aid. We will take it from you, and from any other nations ready to offer aid with no strings attached. Do not grumble when we take it. We take it because we need it, and we take it because it is given free. Remember, we are also capable of gauging the ulterior motives of all those who offer to help us. . . Our relations with the two leading powers, the United States and the Soviet Union, must be brought under the same reckoning. They have vast wealth; they are squandering millions on nuclear armament to ‘protect’ us, while they fail to protect us from poverty, ill-health, illiteracy, and our other basic enemies. We have made it clear to them that we shall never accept the role they are trying to devise for us, namely, that of pawns in their power struggle. No. This we shall never accept. Our internal and external policies will consistently be governed by what is best for our people, for our development and our future. Document 8 Fidel Castro’s Second Declaration of Havana, 1962 Since the end of the Second World War, the Latin American nations are becoming pauperized constantly. The value of their capita income falls. The dreadful percentages of child death rate do not decrease, the number of illiterates grows higher, the peoples lack employment, land, adequate housing, schools, hospitals, communication systems and the means of subsistence. On the other hand, North America investments exceed l0 billion dollars. Latin America, moreover, supplies cheap raw materials and pays high prices for manufactured articles. Like the first Spanish conquerors, who exchanged mirrors and trinkets with the Indians for silver and gold, so the United States trades with Latin America. . . . The duty of every revolutionary is to make revolution. We know that in America and throughout the world the revolution will be victorious. But revolutionaries cannot sit in the doorways of their homes to watch the corpse of imperialism pass by. The role of Job does not behoove a revolutionary. Each year by which Americas liberation may be hastened will mean millions of children rescued from death, millions of minds, freed for learning, infinitudes of sorrow spared the peoples. Document 9 New York Times article, 1963 Julius Nyerere, President of Tanganyika, warned his neutralist colleagues of an impending â€Å"second scramble† for [Africa between the communist and capitalist nations]. Mr. Nyerere said this new colonialism would be different from the nineteenth century â€Å"scramble† for Africa and Asia by the European countries. â€Å"But its purpose would be the same – to get control of our countries,† he said.

Disparities in Health Care free essay sample

All working Americans are categorized based on annual income – top-income (earning on average $210,100 annually), higher-middle-income (earning an average of $84,800 annually), lower-middle-income earning on average $41,500), and bottom-income (earning an average of $14,800 annually) (Auguste, Laboissiere, Mendonca, 2009). As the general population knows that those are in the both top-income category and higher-middle-income category can afford any expenses that are incurred in facilities, doctor visits, ER visits, etc. ithout any hindrance (Auguste et al. , 2009). The lower-middle-income and bottom-income population have much harder time in paying for services because it puts them in a tight budget. Paying for out-of-pocket costs can be detrimental to ones credit and often those patients are sent to collections if they cant pay. As reported in the 2011 study done in Arizona by Herman, Rissi, and Walsh, it also confirmed that individuals who have higher incomes were able to p ay for medical expenses without going through financial hardships. Cost Its been reported that immigrants have less access to care due to having no insurance plans and the cost of services when they are sick than the general population born in the United States (Pandey, 2010). We will write a custom essay sample on Disparities in Health Care or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In Herman et al. s study (2011), out-of-pocket medical expenses caused financial hardships and that top-income individuals were able to cover cost of medical services without hardships. It has been made known by many employers are making employees be responsible for a portion of health care costs by raising premiums or deductibles (Auguste et al. , 2009). Because of rising costs of deductibles (out-of-pocket costs) and the rising cost of premiums, employees are opting-out of enrolling into employer-based health insurance plan saying that to get the coinsurance amount, the deductible amount that they have to meet is out of their financial budget (Quinn, 2011). Race/Ethnicity and Environment Evidence of racial and ethnic disparities in health-care is, with few exceptions, remarkably consistent across a range of illnesses and health-care services. These disparities are associated with socioeconomic differences. Its been reported that immigrants are less likely to use the health care system yet alone have no health insurance coverage (Pandey, 2010). Its not only immigrants who have trouble getting care, but different nationalities in the United States population have trouble as well – just to name a few – American Indians, Asian Americans, Hispanics, populations that live in rural and urban areas, and the general population ranging from infants to senior citizens (Copeland, 2005). Especially the Hispanic or Latino population were less likely to seek care (Herman, et al. , 2011). African American populations are the most researched when it comes to health care issues. For example, a study was done on racial disparities in exposure, susceptibility, and access to health care in the United States H1N1 Influenza pandemic which reported that Hispanics were at greater risk of exposure, however Blacks were a lot more susceptible in contracting H1N1 (Quinn, 2011). Access to Care Unequal access to health care has clear links to health outcomes. The uninsured are less likely to have regular outpatient care, so they are more likely to be hospitalized for avoidable health problems. The lack of transportation, health insurance, providers, appointment access, and inconvenient location of doctors offices caused many people to have poor health (Copeland, 2005). In 2011, a study in Arizona was performed to see is access to care was an issue among the residents. The study found that people who were uninsured had problems paying bills which prevented the ability to seek care and receive treatment (Herman, et al. , 2011). Individuals with higher incomes were able to seek care as well as ace/ethnicity background were indicators that individuals were less likely to seek care (Herman, et al. , 2011). Conclusion Income level and race/ethnicity in relation to environment, cost of medical services, access to care, play big roles as to why there are disparities in health care insurance. References Auguste, B. G. , Laboissiere, M. , Mendonca, L. T. (2009). How health care costs contribute to income disparity in the United States. Mckinsey Quarterly, (2), 50-51. Copeland, V. ( 2005). African Americans: Disparities in Health Care Access and Utilization. Health Social Work, 30(3), 265. Herman, P. E. (2011). Health Insurance Status, Medical Debt, and Their Impact on Access to Care in Arizona. American Journal Of Public Health, 101(8), 1437. doi:10. 2105/AJPH. 2010. 300080 Quinn, S. (2011). Racial Disparities in Exposure, Susceptibility, and Access to Health Care in the US H1N1 Influenza Pandemic. American Journal Of Public Health, 101(2), 285. doi:10. 2105/AJPH. 2009. 188029 Pandey, S. (2010). Health Insurance Disparities among Immigrants: Are Some Legal Immigrants More Vulnerable Than Others?. Health Social Work, 35(4), 267.

Walt Whitman Research Paper Example

Walt Whitman Paper Walt Whitman is most certainly the forefather of contemporary American prose and poetry. Whitman’s most celebrated work; Leaves of Grass has left a mark not only on American society but also on the work of Allen Ginsberg who is vastly reminiscent of Walt Whitman. I will begin this essay by paralleling the Leaves of Grass to Ginsberg’s Howl while incorporating the work and ideas of other contemporary Amesrican poets. To take one Allen Ginsberg poem as an example, we will be able to draw a corollary between Howl and the poetic style developed by Whitman: â€Å"I saw the best minds of my generation destroyed by madness, starving hysterical naked†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Whitman released himself from rhyme and measure and focused more fervently on identifying and naming the inhabitants of a specific world. Here we can see that Ginsberg is using the same poetic technique and often an idea is repetitively stressed in order to address the world in which he is speaking of. This idea of repetition is best seen in Whitman’s Song of Myself: We will write a custom essay sample on Walt Whitman specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Walt Whitman specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Walt Whitman specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer It cannot fall the young man who died and was buried Nor the young woman who died and was put by his side, Nor the little child that peep’d in at the door, and then drew back and was never seen again, Nor the old man who has lived without purpose, and feels it with bitterness worse than gall, Nor him in the poor house tubercled by rum and bad disorder, Nor the numberless slaughter’d and wreck’d, nor the brutish kobo call’d the ordure of humanity†¦ The stylistic similarities between Ginsberg and Whitman are clearly evident upon the first reading. Walt Whitman was able to open American poetry to a much freer subject and form, this is something that Ginsberg strongly took hold of. Whitman was a radical writer during his time and Ginsberg took similar risks in expressing himself through poetic means. Throughout the course, there has been an underlying theme of attempting to describe the world in whole as well as the individual’s relationship to society. In American society today it feels as though we are pushing individuals to â€Å"walk the road less taken. Ginsberg and Whitman I feel are comparable not only through their stylistic similarities but also through their relationship with societal morals. Ginsberg in the 1950’s was an ultra radical; he essentially was the intellectual basis for the Jack Kerouac â€Å"Beat Generation. † Whitman also challenged the â€Å"order of humanity† and expressed ideas foreign to society at the time of his writing. Modern day America is much more open to individual ity and diversity than it was just forty to fifty years ago. The work of a writer will project much more in a society resistant to outside ideas than it will in a more accessible minded society. Allen Ginsberg’s poem A Supermarket in Heaven is a romantic homage to the change of ideas from the 1850’s to the 1950’s. Ginsberg has an almost mystical attachment to be incorporated into the moment of the world. Whitman had a passionate desire to love and be apart of the world despite the world at times being unlovable. Nick Flynn in The Captain Asks For a Show of Hands also points to the need for man to have openness towards the world. In the fist poem of the collection, haiku (failed) Flynn writes: The thin thread that hold us here, tethered/ or maybe tied, together, What/ do you call it –telephone? horizon? song? Listen/ to yourself sing, We are all god’s children / we are all gods, we walk the earth These opening lines establish a connection between humanity or the lack there of, whether it is a telephone wire or song. Flynn also writes in seven testimonies (redacted) about the horrors, which occurred between the guards and Abu Ghraib detainees. Here again we find that in order for the reader to walk away satisfied the author must take a risk. This specific incident was a moment of great turmoil for America, yet similar to Whitman Flynn still encourages to love and be apart of the world despite it at times being difficult to live with. This is seen in his poem Imagination where he writes, â€Å"†¦the earth/ is dirt, our bodies dirt you/ floating there a hand’s-/ width above me, just until/ things blow over, that/ war, say, Jesus/ did we really just make it all up? It is almost as if he is saying that regardless of evil all humanity is composed of the same materials therefore we are all connected. Differing from Whitman and Ginsberg who were aspiring to gain connection Flynn is writing to regain that sense of connection. The fractured nature of Flynn’s writing became the pressing subject and goal of the book as he begins to decipher the voices of the media, military and government. We live in a world so enveloped with technology that it is difficult to establish a sense of security and trust between another human. There once was a time where a handshake sealed the deal, that hand is no longer valid unless it is â€Å"googled† or sent to a laboratory to ensure its security. Ginsberg wrote during the height of American conformity, the 1950’s, a time when there was still much societal improvement to be made, especially concerning civil rights. There was indeed a necessity to break barriers and restructure the way America viewed its ideal society. Now, as I think Flynn asserts, we have reached a position of heightened equality but our many options have confused the world as a whole and left it standing further disconnected. Ginsberg and Whitman’s theories on society were pragmatic while today the movement is driven much more out of emotion. Many of the contemporary American poets we have read struggle with either a parent, usually their father or a spouse. Nick Flynn himself lost his mother to suicide and met his father for the first time at the age of 27 while working at a homeless shelter. This may shine a brighter light on why he may be so driven towards gaining a greater connection with society. Terrance Hayes another contemporary writes from s similar place in his collection of poems entitled Lighthead. Hayes in Arbor for Butch depicts the cyclical nature of the world through the relationship with his father: I am with my newborn son and the man blood says is my father n a shit motel, and if each of us is, as I sometimes believe, the room we inhabit, he is a bed used until it is stained. Even if I knew this first meeting was our last, I would have nothing to offer beyond the life I have made without him. I think this is highly representative of an individual’s relationship to a society. Despite the speakers inability to establish a meaningful and significant relationship with his father his is still able to bring new life into the world. It goes to show that life is always in a constant state of motion, sometimes there are moments of connectedness and other times it seems to be a distant appeal. Again, we find an author who is not afraid to resist the norms of literary rule or society. Just as Whitman, Ginsberg and Flynn all break away from the standards of poetic writing so does Hayes. On the faculty page of Terrence Hayes at Carnegie Mellon University he writes that, â€Å"he aspires to a poetic style that resists style. † Speaking only in regards to the material read in this course it is evident that profound writing does not conform but rather challenges thought. These thoughts are also not always as refreshing as the wisdom written by Whitman, many times I was left with a bitter taste about America. Hayes writes in Support the Troops: I realize were it nor for the sacrifices of these young boys, America would no longer have its source of power. I have given considerable thought to your offer, but I simply am unable to offer my support. The nature of this poem is very ambiguous but it leaves me with the impression that he is unhappy with America and feels apart from it. Hayes stands himself apart from Ginsberg and Whitman here who acknowledge the negative aspects but still desire to be apart of the â€Å"ordure of (American) humanity. As I near conclusion I felt a need to include Wallace Stevens because he is able to establish a point of view that is still aside from the norm, but does it in a much more benign manner. In the Anecdote of the Jar he writes of a jar placed in the wilderness of Tennessee, â€Å"The wilderness rose up to it,/ and sprawled around no longer wild. / the jar was round upon the ground/ And tall and of a port in air. † This poem was written in 1919 a time when nature was being converted though industry in ways that never seemed possible. It points to the idea that the wild is tangible and as soon as humans incorporate the unnatural with the natural, the wild ceases to exist. This is an idea reminiscent of the modern environmentalist movement, but Stevens wrote this at the turn of the twentieth century. Wallace Stevens is also writing from the prospective of a capitalist, he was a lawyer and vice president of the Hartford insurance company. Americas current fragmentation seen through the work of Flynn, segments society in a way where it would seem impossible for a member of the capitalist elite to write profoundly on the imagination or wilderness as did Stevens. Through the works discussed in this essay there has developed a prevalent theme of connection not only to society but also to the world. Beginning with Whitman there has been a great deal of risk taken in order to get across an idea. Throughout the course of American society, the word risk has always had a prominent part from the revolution to where we stand today. All of the writes discussed are writing in hopes of a more open society, one that understands fragmentation is subsidiary to connectedness.