Thank You, Tubigon free essay sample

Crying boisterously like a new born baby, I ran towards my mama. Her big black eyes widened in exasperation; her eyebrows crossed like a war is about to happen. I knew the moment she secretly dressed herself up, she’s not bringing with me at all. Perseverant as I was, while she was already a foot away from the outside waiting shed of our recently painted gate, clasping her feet, I begged for her to bring me. It was a scorching afternoon. The sun shone like it has never shone before. People were too busy. Appearing like mushrooms everywhere, the many traders and merchants were not distracted by the fact that apart from their bunch of products, many people passing from here to there were very carelessly choosing and rumbling those products. After all, it was the weekly ‘’tabo’’ of the town of Tubigon. Little commotions were normal. Busy streets were okay. We will write a custom essay sample on Thank You, Tubigon or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Everything was tolerable. For a 10-year old child, those knowledge were a gift already. Known for its highly developed community, Tubigon was a center of industrialization. From being an oblivious little kid, to a conscious young teen, I was a living witness of how Tubigon was molded into perfection. Walking like I was the mayor of the town, I navigated around the place. I was amazed by the quick reflection of urbanization. I dazzled in awe. In the far corner from the town plaza resides the once small ‘’sari-sari’’ store, now a 2-storey convenient store. Beside it was a vacant lot before, but now a private school.The town plaza itself perhaps lost its mellowness with the contemporary designs in its blocks surrounding its very premise; it perhaps gained a new life. Things have really changed a lot: it was as if in just a blink of an eye. While enchantment filled me in, I almost did not notice the immense brand sign which stands among the high posts and buildings around the town- the McDonald’s. It might just be a normal fast-food chain in any other cities, but for a town like Tubigon which is still in the process of development, it is but a stepping stone. I did not get inside; instead, I asked myself: Is it really a stepping stone? Or could there be a drawback? Nonetheless, happiness and excitement outweigh my illusions. I let those illusions passed me as hunger took over my body. Agitated on the thoughts of food, I ran towards my all-time favorite â€Å"halo-halo† store. As I enjoyed eating, realizations seemed to whisper in my ears, waiting for me to contemplate about it. Only then I understood: development is like a â€Å"halo-halo†; there are ingredients or mixtures that you don’t like, and along the way, you will get used it. But no matter how you dislike those ingredients or mixtures, the taste of sweetness will constantly prevail. It appears that Tubigon has molded my critical thinking abilities. Its development towards globalization seems to craft me into a person seeking for one’s self-development, too. Its achievements inspire me a lot to dream more and work harder to make those dreams a reality, one after the other. My intense aspiration to succeed has finally taken over my doubts. I thank Tubigon for helping me out towards realizing my goals in life!

Hitler and His Downfall essays

Hitler and His Downfall essays To many World War II has been the most devastating war in human history. It had been global military conflict that caused the loss of millions of lives as well as material destruction. The war began in Europe in September of 1939. It ended on May 8, 1945. This day was marked by the British government as V-E (Victory in Europe) Day. The outcome of this war left a new world order dominated by the United States and the Soviet Union. Adolf Hitler was born in Braunuam Inn, Austria, on April 20, 1889 and died (committed suicide) on April 30, 1945. He was the son of a minor customs official and a peasant girl. He had a love for reading although he never completed high school and was rejected by the Academy of Fine Arts in Vienna due to his lack of talent. Through reading he developed his anti-democratic and anti-Jewish beliefs, the admiration for the outstanding individual and contempt for the masses. By volunteering for service in the Baverian Army during World War I, he proved himself as a dedicated and courageous soldier. Since his sponsors felt that he lacked in leadership quantities, he was never promoted beyond private first class. In September 1919, Hitler joined the Nationalist German Workers Party later changed its name to the National Social German Workers (Nazi) Party. To become the leader of Germany, he took advantage of the Great Depression of 1929 and explained it as a Jewish Communist plot. Through promises of a strong Germany, more jobs and national glory, he gained popularity and was appointed chancellor in January 1933. Once in power, he established himself as a dictator. After World War I, Germany was dissatisfied with the outcome of the war. There were large reparations to pay, their military power had been restrained, they suffered and resented the territorial losses some of which were withheld as collateral, and Germany had been held accountable for the entire war. Germany felt that they had been treated unjustly....

Scope for exploiting Big Data and Big Data Analytics in the local Essay - 1

Scope for exploiting Big Data and Big Data Analytics in the local transport industry - Essay Example The data being accumulated comes from a wide range of sources. However, the data growth is driven by two main sources working together with decreasing storage costs. The first source for data is the â€Å"internet of things†. A number of sensors collate information on our activities and environment on a daily basis. These connected devices contribute substantially to the amount of information accumulated daily and they are projected to rise from about 4.5 billion devices in 2010 to over 50 billion in 2020 (Dumbill, 2012). The second greatest source of data is the social web of networks where information about human activities is shared on a daily basis. This includes data about human preferences, interests, and locations. On addition to the two major sources of data highlighted above, there are a number of other private sources including hospital records, phone communications, financial transactions, information captured on CCTV and many others. The McKinsey Global Institute has termed big data as the next frontier for competition, innovation, and global productivity (Mayinka, 2011). The analysis of masses of unstructured and semi-structured data which some time ago would have been considered prohibitive in terms of time and money is now considered the next step towards business advantage. One of the reasons why this data has turned out to be very important is that great insight can be gained from the data by monitoring the patterns of human interaction. One of the areas in which big data displays great potential is the transportation industry. This is an industry which increasingly showing great requirement for an industrial big data platform. With increasing urbanization and expansion of many cities across the world, traffic management and related challenges are getting bigger by the day. In some of the largest and more congested cities in the world, a lot of hours are lost daily on traffic and most people incur economic losses and social stress due to

Global Nuclear Warfare Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Global Nuclear Warfare - Essay Example As Franklin Delano Roosevelt has stated in his inaugural speech - the only thing we have to fear is the fear itself. During the Cold War that followed, ideological conflicts were often conducted through the medium of fear. While some politicians argued for expanding arms expenditure by raising alarm about the threat of communism, others demanded disarmament and appealed to the public's fear of nuclear weapons. However, the promotion of competing alarmist claims is very different to the situation in the past (Furedi). The abuse of fear is a high stake politics. The worldview of citizens during the Cold War era has primarily been shaped by alteration between concepts of realism and idealism. These two general approaches in the American foreign policy, dealing with the international sphere, are most explicitly reflected in the foreign policy doctrines. As professor Furedi puts it, the fear has fast become a caricature of itself, it was no longer simply an emotion or a response to the perception of threat; it has become a cultural idiom through which we signal a sense of unease about our place in the world (Furedi). The beginning of the post bipolar era emerged ... First, the collapse of Soviet Union, that secured at least the ideological domination of the United States. Second, the Iraq intervention, that demonstrated the reality of the terrorist thread to the world security, but the thread of the nuclear warfare remained, and so did the fear in the heads of most people. A brilliant indicator of the perception of the world by general public through the optics of the global nuclear warfare is the Doomsday clock, that attain a significant respect and prestige in forming the public opinion since the very start of the global nuclear thread. The Doomsday Clock, symbolic clock on the University of Chicago wall shows the time left till the outbreak of global nuclear war and the end of the world that would follow. Over the last sixty years the fingers have moved - forward and backwards - only eighteen times. Recently on few days ago, two minutes closer to the nuclear apocalypse: they stopped at five minutes to twelve. The last time we, and the world, were this close to the definite destruction was in 1984. Any sensationalists or fanatic peace activists have not invented this final countdown. Doomsday Clock - the "Apocalypse Clock" as it has been nicknamed with popularity - have been designed by top nuclear scientists associated in the Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists and the prestigious scientific board, or convocation, that is in charge of the decision of whether to move the fingers or not. On its latest session that decided to move the fingers world famous astrophysicist Stephen Hawking has participated. The first time D oomsday Clock were introduced to the public was short after the end of World War II, in 1947 and were set on seven minutes to twelve. The "midnight" symbolizes

Southwest Airlines Case Anaylsis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 10000 words

Southwest Airlines Case Anaylsis - Essay Example They lived up to their dreams since Southwest Airlines now ranks the fourth largest airliner that is operating under the logo LUV on NYSE in the united states of America. Rolling King and Herb Kelleher completed the necessary paperwork to create Air Southwest Co. the name by which the southwest airlines was known. Following the filing of approval by the two pioneers with the FAA, on 20th February, 1968 their plan to fly between the three Texas cities was approved by the Texas Aeronautical Commission. Southwest continued to expand all through the 1980s and 1990s, and by 1993, it was operating between 34 cities in 15 states. This airline progressively expanded across the southwestern states into the northwest, the Midwest, and the state of California. Besides, it ventured into new destination in Florida and on the east coast. Owing to the low prices it offers it quickly conquered the markets share it explored. In fact; some competitors were forced to withdraw after Southwest Airlines entered their markets, allowing the company to expand faster than expected (David 1999). For instance; when the Southwest Airlines ventured into California market (1990) it quickly scooped 20% of the intrastate market, sending a number of its competitors out of Los Angeles-San Francisco route, thus dominating the route. This happened because they were unable to contest the $59 one-way flight charges, with their $186 one way fare (Scholes 1999). In late 1994, United Airlines started to make a come back to the west coast routes. They tried to launch a low-cost, high-frequency shuttle services to no avail, because even a shuttle could not contest with southwest in a direct battle, as a result United Airline had to relocate its shuttle out of Southwest Airlines' routes and to some extent abandon some routes altogether (David 1999). Nowadays a lot of people travel by plane, the airline industry has hence increased in service provision and even in scope specializing cargo and passenger planes. Southwest Airlines Company ventures in this industry in a unique way providing fairly low priced air transport in over 58 cities across the United States of America. Despite the September 11th terrorist attack, that caused a major blow to the airline industry, the Southwest Airlines Company still persisted when other airline corporations sunk into debts. Based on the information on southwest airliners from News Week and Wall Street Journal, the corporation enjoys steady sales (David 1999). The major attribute for their unwavering success is their low-cost model and the knowledge by the competitors that the low prices of southwest are far from being matched. Therefore; by decreasing the prices even lower, the southwest airline corporation can push a company into bankruptcy (Scholes 1999). An outstanding objective of Southwest Airlines involves dedication to top-quality service delivery coupled with a sense of friendliness, person's dignity, hospitality, and company zeal. Among the services the company provides are, short haul, point to point, high frequency, and low fare air transportation between 58 cities in the United States (David 1999). The organization of Southwest Airline Company adopts an upside-down pyramid where the senior management is at the base and

Defining And Understanding Common Sense Justice

Defining And Understanding Common Sense Justice The delivery of the black-letter law has not been satisfactory to both the society and the jurors. Jurors coming to the box may walk out dissatisfied with how the verdict is delivered and the verdict itself. Of interest in particular is how the law deals with death penalty and insanity cases. Commonsense justice is viewed as a possible alternative to resolving these cases, as it is considered to be rational and highly nuanced. This paper will focus on understanding the theory of commonsense justice, the view of jurors of commonsense justice versus the black-letter law, and comparing the outcomes of using these laws in resolving insanity and death penalty cases. Introduction Common sense justice is a reflection of what people think is just and fair. According to Finkel (1995), there are two types of law; the law of the books which refers to the constitutional law, the enactments by parliament, the law that evolves through common law cases and appeal decisions, taught in law school and applied in the courts and common sense justice (p.669). Different from the law of the books, common sense justice refers to the pre-existing beliefs about laws, the legal system and other issues that may be relevant to the trial process bringing with them to the jury box when judging both a defendant and the law. In essence, commonsense justice is concerned with peoples everyday concepts of fairness and justice. The jurors find it hard to apply black- letter laws since they are inconsistent with what they know as fairness and justice. The view that commonsense justice is that judges, being the conscience of society ought to use what society views as fair and just as opposed to the dictates of black-letter law which is not in tandem with the conscience of society. Theory of commonsense justice There was evidence in some cases jurors were not following the law. The jury is required to strictly follow the instructions given to the judge and reach a verdict based on evidence and the law. This is a consequence of their coming into knowledge that the black-letter law in some varying degrees is in disagreement with commonsense law. Therefore jurors tend to reject these rigid and objective rules and adopt subjective views. Though jurors are given instructions to make judgment using the objective criteria, they often resort to base the judgments on the subjective views of defendants and viewers. In addition, jurors base judgment on context and construing, by using hindsight to justify events and interpreting facts in order to identify what led to the cause as well as ascertain the intentions. Following this, critics have claimed that jurors do not comprehend the judges instructions while others assert that jurors deliberately disregard or nullify the judges instructions. . Centrally and critically, Finkel adds, the question that arises is whether we should follow the path laid by community sentiment, or should community follow the path the law has laid? (p.1). It is what ordinary people think the law ought to be. Hence, Finkel (2001) says that the courts have turned gradually to objective ways of considering community sentiment, in order to determine if the punishment for a crime disproportionate at least, according to the community (p.4). The quest for common sense justice is prompted by the observation that common sense justice and the black-letter law could be disparate in their view of human nature, culpability and punishment. The differences lie in the framing of the cases, how the delimiting of the factors of culpability is done and how the factors are weighed. Admittedly, Finkel (1995) says that common sense justice culpability analysis does not match that of black-letter law. CSJ harshest critics have described it as fusing, confounding and confusing, especially when a wrongful decision was made. On the other hand, critics of black-letter law insist that the approach used in the structures that provide justice in the society could themselves be the source of oppression, since the innocent party may be to a case falsely accused. In fact, Kumachiro (2004), gives commonsense even a wider perspective when he intimates that oppression sometimes manifests itself in ways that are easily recognized and condemned by mos t people (p.15). There is more to oppression than what we know: injustice based on the structure of everyday life, exemplified by the assumptions underlying major and minor institutions, rationales that support personal and collective choices. Kumachiro (2004) argues that those who benefit from the decisions made in courts and other structural institutions by accepting the dominant group common sense are actually abusing justice, while they remain oblivious of the more dangerous and pervasive type, which is structural oppression (p.102). Application of commonsense law to death penalty and insanity trials Common sense justice has been applied in cases involving insane defendants with a degree of success. According to Mitchell(1999), Common sense notions of justice stipulate that those who create the conditions for their own defense should be held more culpable, exemplified by those whose incapacity has been caused by automatism or self-induced intoxication (p.597). The law holds that insanity can only be used as a defense if at the time of committing the crime; the defendant had a mental condition that impaired his cognitive abilities to the extent that the defendant was unaware of the nature and the quality of the act, or the knowledge that the act was wrong. Mitchell (1999) argues that according to this law the defendants are treated as innocent actors under the influence of a condition over which they have no control (p.598). The results of a study done with 263 mock jurors without instructions, who were required to use their own best judgment to decide four insanity cases showed t hat jurors do make discriminations among cases in terms of constructs, which are relevant, complex and flexible (p.287). This realization opens the door for the use of commonsense justice. Possibilities of exclusion of fault upon the raising of the insanity defense were suspected. Mitchell (1999) interprets that; a defendants criminal responsibility may to a certain extent be under autonomous control (p.598). This is due to the fact that not all defendants with mental disorder lack autonomous component in their judgment. Meta-Responsibility (MR) is the term used to describe the notion that a defendants criminal responsibility could to some degree be attributable to autonomous control. In that connection, it . A Case of meta-responsibility arises from such issues as medication non-compliance, substance abuse, which results from not taking responsibility over ones situation. This is termed as consensual meta-responsibility. According to Mitchell, (1999), Purposive meta-responsibility arises from the antipsychiatric notion that the mental disorder represents strategic and willful behavior on the part of the patient in an attempt to influence his personal and social situation (p.598). The law that stipulates when insanity can amount to a defense was accepted only to the extent that the absence of mental control on the side of the defendant is not produced by his own default. Causal process is observed only in intoxication that has brought out the insanity in appellate cases, even when there is adequate legal machinery to consider absence of mental control inflicted on others. Involuntary intoxication is excused but in a case of voluntary intoxication, one is deemed to have created the conditions for his defense hence he will be criminally answerable to the injury he may do while in this condition; and will be found of recklessness. In reference to Mitchell (1999), the case R. v Caldwell (1981), ruled that self- induced intoxication is not a defense to any crime in which recklessness is enough to constitute the requisite mens rea (p.600). The law gives the jury sentencing discretion when it comes to capital offences. The eighth amendment states the circumstances under which a persons life may be terminated According Donohue (2006), data analysis on the deterrent effect of death penalty, the results were not significant. While the argument that death penalties is qualitatively reasonable, its quantitative significance may be minimal (p.3. Social science has shown that the act if killing is for others to learn, or deter others from killing, then, the mission of the death penalty is lost, since it does not produce the anticipated results. As far as death penalties are concerned, common sense justice theories of causation and culpability appear rational and highly nuanced. In reference to Finkel (1995), common sense justice is at once legal, moral and psychological (p.669). The verdict is that the jury should play a role in correcting the legal excesses of the legislature using commonsense justice since the latter is more deliberative and conscious, and quite sensitive to foundational issues of justice (p.5). In conclusion, Baldus assertive position that the death penalty experience for the last twenty years was a failure and that the system should be declared unconstitutional sounds convincing. This position was influenced by the cumulative evidence of arbitrariness, discrimination, and miscarriage of justice documented over the twenty years considered.

Indonesia Crisis As An Example :: essays research papers

Indonesia’s Crisis: The Lesson for China introductionIndonesia, as we have long predicted, is coming apart. This process has a great deal of relevance to China, whose army, like Indonesia’s, was accustomed to making lots of money and now resents the fact that the good times are over. In both countries, making money became the basis for military loyalty to the regime, which in turn needed the army as guarantor. But in China, as in Indonesia, the military is no longer making money, and China has banned its officers from business. Now Beijing is creating international tension to soak up the military’s energy and resentment. But in the end, the guarantor of the regime can bring its death, leaving warlords poised to take power. ANALYSIS We have long argued that the Asian economic meltdown, as its ultimate legacy, would politically reconfigure Asia. We meant this in both the international and domestic sense: Nations would behave differently after the meltdown than they did during the past generation of extraordinary prosperity. The reconfiguration of Sino-American relations is an obvious manifestation of this. But it is the domestic political changes that are the most profound and will have the most impact on international relations. It should be obvious that an economic transformation of the magnitude we have seen cannot help but have equally dramatic political consequences. Asia is obviously a diverse region. It goes without saying that the economic meltdown will affect Japan’s politics dramatically differently than Malaysia’s. However, events during the last week have drawn our attention to one area of commonality: the effect of the economic crisis on the military in China and in Indonesia. These two countries are not usually lumped together; they differ in profound ways. But they share this: they have both used their military forces for three missions – protection against foreign enemies, enforcement of internal security and development of the economy. During the previous generation, the latter role became more and more important for both the Chinese and Indonesian militaries. But Asia’s recent economic crisis, the states and circumstance have forced both militaries to de-emphasize their economic roles. Not only are the militaries not happy about this, but their unhappiness could destabilize their respective regimes. Quite apart from the truly disturbing prospect of an Asia dealing simultaneously with both Chinese and Indonesian instability, there are important lessons to be learned from the way in which each country used the military and the consequences of that use.

Discretionary Benefits

A company providing products and services needs its human resources for its operations and directions. This is why human resources practitioners are always looking for ways to make sure that employees are rewarded amply for their performance while at the same time ensuring that the status of the company finances is not jeopardized.The government protects the rights of employees for commensurate salary and compensation. This is why employees have the right to join a trade union and negotiate with employees about their salary and benefits. It is in the interest of businesses to deal with their employees in a fair and just manner. Otherwise, operations would be compromised. After all, an unhappy workforce would also lead to less productivity and efficiency. In addition to the government-sanctioned salary and compensation scheme, there are also discretionary benefits that the company will have to decide if they will provide to the employees.Employee BenefitsThe benefits of employees may vary from employer to employer. They are non-cash benefits that employees enjoy during their term with the company on top of their salaries or wages. The most common forms of benefits are group insurance for life, dental or health; disability income protection, daycare, sick leave, vacation leaves, retirement benefits, profit sharing, stock option, educational funding and tuition reimbursement among others. These benefits are either provided by the employer or they are paid for by the employer. Employers provide these benefits to make the employees more economically secure.There are also other benefits that are left to the discretion of the employers. This may include providing company car, leisure activities and outdoor meetings, food and transportation allowance, stationery and more. There are several determinants and factors that companies consider when providing discretionary benefits. If they decide that they will provide discretionary benefits, they also need to establish what types of benefits they can offer without compromising the financial situation of the company.In the United States, these employee benefits come in the form of relocation assistance, vision and dental plans, health care for dependents, pension plans, insurance, child care benefits, legal assistance, transportation benefits, discounts for shopping and resort accommodations, as well as wellness programs. There may also be fringe benefits offered to employees. If this is the case, such benefits may be excluded from the total annual income of the employee, which means greater savings on income tax. Fringe benefits also tend to be seen as a cost to the company for keeping their employees within the company.The Importance of Non-wage BenefitsIn the early twentieth century, employees were not given any benefits beyond their salaries. With the economic developments in the United States such as the Great Depression and the World War II, the government and labor unions worked together in brin ging about non-wage benefits for the workers. Non-wage benefits have grown in the past decades and now accounts for 30% of the total labor costs of This trend helped create a workplace and organizational culture that valued employees more and gave them what they needed (Marshall, 2003).Benefits given to employees are usually tax-deductible to the employer and are not taxable to employees. The exception would be the benefits for executives with access to benefits with very high amounts. In some cases, corporations in America may also offer the employee a set of benefits to choose from and the employee will choose which of the benefits will he avail of. This provides a flexible choice for the employee who may wish one type of benefit over another. The difficulty of implementing this, however, is that if employees chose different types of benefits, record-keeping would be more complicated.The benefits for employees may come in three forms (Martocchio, 2005).(1) One is the protection pr ograms, which helps employees be protected from any illness and ensure their physical and economic security.(2) Benefits may also fall under the pay for time not worked for, which includes vacation and sick leaves, as well as maternity and paternity leaves. Some companies even offer to pay the employees at the end of the year if they chose not to use up all of their leaves.(3) Lastly, there are also services, wherein the company offers to provide various services to the employees.Protection ProgramsThe income of employees is protected by the company in the form of disability insurance, life insurance and pension programs. Through this, the employees may feel economically secure and the assurance that part of the money provided by their employers is invested into their future. In case, they are declared as no longer fit to work, or that they may befall accidents directly or indirectly related to work and if they choose to retire, they are covered by the protection policies of the com pany.Health Protection is also an important aspect of protection programs. This may include health and dental insurance, enrolment into Health Maintenance Organizations or Preferred Provider Organizations, or self-funded plans. Pension plans are also important in ensuring the peace of mind of employees. This program is usually participated in by both employer and the employee. If and when the employee becomes unable to perform his or her job because of disability, the company cannot terminate his employment right away. Both short-term and long-term disabilities are considered by the employer (Martocchio, 2005).Health care programs for employees usually include fee-for-service, managed care, point of service and customer-driven health care. The cost of hospitalization is usually covered together with doctor’s fees, and other related expenses. If the employee pays own money, there is also a provision for reimbursement up to a certain amount. For some employers, HMOs may be a mo re or less costly approach because these are prepaid services. PPO’s are being used by other companies because there is no prepaid service and the company pays for the actual fees related to the health care of an employee. Furthermore, physicians, clinics and hospitals must meet quality standards for them to be recommended.The introduction of flexible benefits for the employees can lead to a higher level of job satisfaction, which can also help improve the productivity and efficiency of the company (Barber, Dunham & Formisano, 2006). When employees feel that they are cared for by the company they are serving, they tend to appreciate that and they will in turn do their best in performing their jobs (Belous, 1989).Paid Time OffAn important aspect of non-wage benefits now is providing paid time off to workers. This helps maintain work-life balance among employees because their domestic lives also have an impact to their performance of their jobs. If employees were too loyal to t heir jobs at the expense of their family, they might not be able to perform effectively. Stress would settle in and a previous high performer may crumble under the weight of such stress (Kossek & Lambert, 2005).The number of paid absences or leaves may be determined through the collective bargaining agreement between the labor union and management. When this has been settled, the employees then have to follow certain rules and procedures in the company to avail of this benefit. Pregnant women who want to give birth to their babies and nurse them are also given maternity leave of absence while a father whose wife is pregnant may also apply for a paternity leave. These schemes help communicate to the employee that their own personal lives are important too and that the company is not only after the services that they can render.Paid time off also helps the members of an organization to redefine themselves and their connection with the company and align their priorities and thoughts to the organization. Hence, it helps them take a break and think of what the work means to them (Ford & Locke, 2002). With a paid time off, the employees may have more time for themselves, for replenishing lost energies due to work and pause for a while and think about their jobs and how they can help contribute to the company for its growth and improvement.ServicesSome companies also realize that they need to provide services to employees so that they will not have to pay for such services outside of the company. As such, the company can choose to provide such services for the convenience of employees and minimal distractions to the way they perform their duties.These services may be in the form of family assistance programs, or the company can also assist in the education of an employee or the dependents of an employee. When moving and relocating, an organization may also bear the costs of moving, especially if such move is directly related to the job performed by the employee. Anot her popular service being offered by organizations is wellness program. The employees may enroll in a gym or a fitness class for free or for a discount courtesy of the organization.Such wellness programs can help ensure that the employees are physically fit. This can help prevent incidences of heart attacks, hypertension and stress-related sickness. In the long run, this can reduce the health care costs of an organization. What is needed, however, is strong implementation and encouragement for employees to participate in such wellness program (Gebhardt & Crump, 1990).The convenience that employees will experience through the services being offered by the company will contribute to efficiency and savings in time and resources. Employees will also generate a stronger appreciation for the company and will foster a stronger sense of company loyalty in employees.Laws and Legislations Concerning Employee BenefitsThere are three major legislations governing the benefits of employees and th e responsibilities of the employers: The Employee Retirement Income Security Act (ERISA) of 1974; Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act (COBRA) of 1985; and Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA).ERISA establishes the minimum standards and requirements of pension plans in the private sector. In addition to this, it also regulates the fringe benefits that employees receive such as disability insurance, medical and life insurance and most importantly, the pension of employees. The Act also monitors the reporting and disclosure of employers concerning such fringe benefits as well as the funding and fiduciary responsibilities of both employers and employees.COBRA, on the other hand, prescribes that health care coverage be extended to 36 months. However, the cost may be as high as 102% of the premium of the insurance. If employers do not comply with this, the law also prescribes the penalty. Companies with less 20 employees, however, are exempted from COBRA, together with the federal government and churches.Lastly, HIPAA guarantees the health coverage of all employees. Should there be pre-existing conditions, HIPAA prescribes appropriate action and handling. Health information and privacy are also important concerns; that is the reason why HIPAA regulates the transfer, the disclosure and the use of information given to health care practitioners for the purposes of health care delivery. HIPAA, however, has been a cause of contention regarding the responsible use of health care information (Wilson, 2006). Yet, it still helps ensure the protection of the rights of both employees and employers. These three legislations help define the rights of workers for their benefits and the responsibilities of employers to their employees. Non-compliance is punishable by the laws.ConclusionWith the increasing competition and globalization of the business environment, so will the needs and concerns of employees change. More and more demands and skills are needed. In addition to this, companies are hard put to retain their best employees because of the intense competition for excellent employees. As such, offering employee benefits will also change.Human resource personnel and the management need to device effective compensation and benefits scheme so as to attract the best and the brightest workers and retain the existing ones. The main concern, however, is making the employees secure physically and economically. If this were ensured, then they can perform their jobs better and they can contribute to the overall growth of the organization (Rosenbloom, 2001). By providing the three different types of benefits, employees can cultivate a deeper sense of company loyalty, which will redound to better employee retention and organizational performance. As the challenges of the workplace are addressed, the employers and the employee will enjoy better relationship and better organizational performance.

Investigating the nursing process and nursing care Essays

Investigating the nursing process and nursing care Essays Investigating the nursing process and nursing care Essay Investigating the nursing process and nursing care Essay In this essay I will use the nursing process which is an individualised problem-solving approach to nursing care. It involves four stages: assessment (of the patients problems), planning (how to resolve them), implementation (of the plans), and evaluation (of their success). (Oxford Nurses Dictionary, Fifth edition, 2003 New York). I shall be focusing on one aspect of the nursing process, which will be implementation. The implementation phase is when you put your care plan into action. Implementation encompasses all nursing interventions directed at solving the patients problems and meeting health care needs. While you co-ordinate implementation, you also seek help from the patient, the patients family, and other members of the health-care team. (Lippencott, Williams and Wilkins, Medical-Surgical Nursing Made Incredibly Easy, 2004). I have already used the process of planning to work out the solutions to my Patients needs. I referred to the workings of the SMART (Specific, measurable, achievable, realistic and time orientated) principle. (Hinchcliff, S, 2004) and the 12 activities of living by Roper, Logan and Tierney (Roper, N et al 2001) in order to help me achieve that. Egan explains that a helping model is like a map that helps you know what to do in your interactions with clients. At any given moment, it also helps you orient yourself, to understand where you are with the client and what kind of intervention would be most useful. (G. Egan, The Skilled Helper: A problem Management Approach to Helping 6th Edition). I have used a pseudonym to comply with my patients confidentiality as stated in the NMC (Nursing and Midwifery council) guidelines (NMC Code of Conduct clause 5. 1 2004). My patients name will be changed to Rachel; she is 35-year-old lady who has been admitted to have a bilateral breast reduction. She has been admitted to a surgical ward within the local trust. Rachel is married with two children who are two and four. She lives with her husband and children in the local area, with her husband being her next of kin. I have focused on one aspect of care that was highlighted from the planning process, which is Rachels post-operative care. The nurse in charge explained the hospitals policies and procedures for when the patient is received back into the ward from recovery. This was to check the airway is patent and the patient is breathing adequately. (Botti, M. and Hunt, J. (2000) The routine of post anesthetic observations. Contemporary Nurse 3(2): 52-57. ) The nurse explained that usually the patient is conscious before leaving the recovery room. Then I was told to record her temperature, pulse, blood pressure and oxygen saturation and compare the results with the patients pre-operative recordings. One of the most significant nursing activities in relation to prevention being the key is to keep observing patient/ client (Kenworthy. N, Snowley. G, C.? Ask christy. Common Foundation Studies in Nursing, third edition 2002). The nurse told me to observe the wound and any drains that may be present. Such as a Redivac or a catheter. I was told that I will need to check, if an intravenous infusion is present, and that I should inform the nurse in charge of her care, so she can check the intravenous infusion is functioning according to medical staff instructions. The nurse explained to me how important it is to read the patients theatre notes to confirm the surgical procedure, which has been carried out and ascertain any instructions from the surgeon or anaesthetist. For example, positioning of the patient, oxygen therapy. I was explained that I will have to ensure that the patient is lying in the most comfortable position possible, and that the limbs are positioned in a manner, which will not endanger muscle and nerve tissue. The nurse informed me, she would administer analgesia as required by the patient and as prescribed by the medical staff on her drug chart, as explained in the NMC guidelines for the administration of medicines london 2004. I was instructed to record blood pressure, pulse, oxygen saturation and respiration rates until they were within normal range and stable. Also to encourage and assist patient with breathing exercises to promote lung expansion, and therefore prevent chest infection. Simple nursing interventions, such as early mobilization and encouraging patients to do leg exercises while in bed, can help to reduce the risk of thrombus formation as well as urinary tract infections, pressure ulcers and constipation. The nurse told me that the policy was also to allow graduated amounts of fluid unless contra-indicated (e. g. the presence of a naso-gastric tube), then gradually introduce solid food if there is no vomiting and if bowel sounds are present. Also to record the amount and time when the patient passes urine and when the patient has a first bowel movement. The nurse asked me to ensure patient has adequate periods of rest. I was told to carry out these observations by my mentor. Some of these observations such as record blood pressure, pulse, and oxygen saturation and respiration rates should be carried out every fifteen minutes for an hour, then every half hour for four hours, then after that hourly for a certain period of time. The patients observations should be monitored for twenty-four hours closely. This does not always mean carrying out clinical measurement with special equipment although of course this is carried out a great deal. It means, literally, look at your patient frequently, and get used to how they appear and behave when they are stable and comfortable. Because we are then able to notice even the very slightest changes in the patients condition and these observations can be life saving. When Rachel was brought back to the ward from recovery, I came to meet her in her room. I greeted Rachel and asked her how she was feeling, and whether she was nauseous or in any pain. Pain is what the patient says it is, existing when he says it does. (M. McCaffery, Nursing the patient in pain, 1983) I needed to find this out for her post operative chart. Rachel then replied that she wasnt in any pain and not feeling nauseous. I then asked Rachel if she was comfortable or needed anything, Rachel replied that she was fine but feeling a little tired. Individuals are primarily social beings and a major part of living involves communicating with other people in one way or another (Roper et al applying the model in practice 1996). I then went on to assess her level of consciousness and discovered that Rachel was still slightly drowsy which was not abnormal as she had just returned from theatre. I recorded the results clearly and in such a manner that the text can not be erased. I also recognized that I should not include abbreviations, jargon, meaningless phrases, irrelevant speculation and offensive subjective statements. As stated by the NMC (Nursing and Midwifery Council, Guidelines for records and record keeping, London 2005) Then Rachel gave consent for me to conduct her observations I started by taking her blood pressure. Blood pressure is always undertaken on admission so we have a normal range for the individual patient and thereafter if required and according to the patients care plan. This is an important clinical measurement of cardiovascular function and one that denotes critical changes or potential changes in a patients condition. Post operatively, it is important to check and record frequently. Blood pressure is the force extended by the blood as it flows through the blood vessels. It is arterial blood pressure, which is normally recorded. Blood pressure increases with age, weight gain, stress anxiety. Normal range is considered to be from 100/60 to 140/90 mm Hg. The term hypotension is used when the blood pressure is lower than the normal range. The term hypertension is used when the systolic or diastolic blood pressure is elevated above the normal range. The correct size of cuff must be used to ensure accurate recordings. (Mallett, J. and Dougherty, L. (2000) Observations. Manual of Clinical Nursing Procedures Oxford: Blackwell Science. Ch. 28 pp 402-432) After making sure that the bladder inside the cuff was covering at least 80%of the circumference of the upper arm (Nicol. M, Bavin, C, Bedford-Turner. S, Cronin. P, Rawlings-Anderson, Essential Nursing Skills, Second Edition Mosby london. 004). I informed Rachel that the cuff was about to inflate, and asked her if she could keep her arm straight and relax. Rachels blood pressure 120/80 the first number is the systolic pressure taken just after the ventricles contract: the second number is the diastolic pressure, taken when the ventricles relax, (Smart. T, Human Body, Dorling kindersley limited London 2001) During the time whilst taking Rachels blood pressure I decided to t ake her pulse oximetry. This as a sophisticated and painless test. In which a small sensor is placed on the patients finger or earlobe, for measuring the proportion of oxygenated haemoglobin (oxyhaemoglobin) in the patients blood. It works by measuring the amount of specific types of light that are absorbed by body tissue. An Alternative term is called an Oxygen Saturation Test. (2000-2006 HealthCentersOnline, Inc. ) Rachels oxygen level in her blood was 98%, which is within her normal range. I recorded this and her blood pressure results on her observation chart. I then informed Rachel that I was about to take her temperature and received her consent. Checking the temperature regularly is very important because an increased temperature maybe a sign that the patient could have an infection, or may have an allergic reaction to the medication she may have been given. Sites for recording body temperature include the axilla, rectum and ear. For each patient, the site for temperature measurement should be consistent. The normal range of body temperature is between 36Â °C and 37. 5Â °C. (Anon. (2001) Essential skills: a monthly collectable guide to core clinical procedures. Observation and monitoring. 13. Recording temperature. Nursing Standard 15(38): insert-12. In order to take her temperature I used a Tympanic and inserted the probe into the outer ear, adjacent to but not touching the tympanic membrane. Before I use the Tympanic I had to check a few things to make sure I didnt get an inaccurate reading. Such as wax in the ear, a cracked or dirty lens, and poor fitting in the ear and if the patient has been recently lying on the ear that is used, (Jevon. P, Using a Tympanic thermometer, Nursing Times 2001, 97(9): 43-44) Next I took Rachels respiratory rate, which is thought to be the most sensitive indicatory of a patients physiological well being. This is logical because respiratory rate reflects not only respiratory function as in hypoxia or hypercapnia, but also cardiovascular status as in pulmonary oedema, and metabolic imbalance such as that seen in diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). (Kenwood G, Hodgetts T, Castle N. Time to put the R back in TPR. Nursing Times. 2001; 97:32-33. ) Respiration is the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the cells of the body and the environment through rhythmic expansion and deflation of the lungs. Each respiration consists of an inhalation, exhalation and the pause, which follows. (Stevens, S. and Becker, K. L. (1988) How to perform picture-perfect respiratory assessment. Nursing 18(1): 57-63. ) When I assessed Rachels respiration, I had to ensure she was relaxed and unaware of the counting process, I then had to count the respiratory rate and observe the depth and pattern of respiration and count the number of respirations for at least 30 seconds. (Finesilver, C. (1992) Respiratory assessment. RN 55(2): 22-30) I did this by asking Rachel whether I could take her pulse and counted her respirations for 60 seconds. Her respiratory rate was 14. Normal respiratory rates can vary according to age. The accepted normal range for healthy adults is 14 20 per minute. (Torrance, C. and Elley, K. (1997) Practical procedures for nurses. Respiration: technique and observation 2 no. 4. 2. Nursing Times 93(44): insert-Nov. Torrance, C. and Elley,) I recorded the rest of Rachels results on her observation chart and informed the nurse in charge of Rachels care that her observation were in a normal range and showed her the chart just to double check my knowledge of this subject was accurate. The nurse in charge checked the results on the chart and informed me that my decision was correct and her observations were within normal range. In conclusion with the help of nursing models I have used previously. I feel that I have implemented my patients care effectively and efficiently. The Roper, Logan and Tierney model (Roper, N et al 2001) which I used in my patients assessment, helped me break down my patients care to find out what my targets were, in order to treat her care holistically. I then used the SMART principle (Hinchcliff, S, 2004) in the planning of Rachels care. It helped me turn the issues highlighted into more achievable and measurable goals. I feel that if I never used these models then Rachels care would not have been implemented properly.

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Niels Bohr essays Niels Hendrik David Bohr was one of the foremost scientists of the 20th century. The Nobel prizewinning physicist was known for his development of the theory of atomic fission that led to the development of the atomic bomb. He was born on Oct. 7, 1885, in Copenhagen, Denmark. His father, Christian, was a professor at the University of Copenhagen and his brother, Harold, was a great mathematician. He entered the university in 1903. In 1907, he earned his PhD went to England to study with J.J. Thomson and Ernest Rutherfurd. He returned to Copenhagen in 1916 as a professor at the university. He became the director of the university's Institute for Theoretical Physics in 1920, to which he attracted many world-renowned physicist. In 1922, he won the Nobel Prize for his work on the atomic structure. When he visited the United States in 1939, he brought the knowledge that the German scientists were successful in splitting the uranium atom. In the winter of 1939, Bohr worked at Princeton Uni versity, were he developed the theory of atomic fission that led to the first atomic bomb, and then returned to Denmark in 1940. In 1943, he was still in Copenhagen when the Nazis occupied his country. He left Copenhagen, because of his Jewish background, and went to Los Alamos, North Mexico, were he helped scientist who were working on the first atomic bomb. Before he left, he dissolved his golden Nobel medal in acid. In 1945, after the war was over, he returned to his country, and precipitated the gold from acid and recast the medal. Bohr worked very hard on the peaceful uses of atomic energy and organized the first Atoms for Peace Conference in Geneva in 1955. He was awarded the first Atomic Peace award. He died on November 18, 1962 in Copenhagen, Denmark. ...

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